Caladiums, often recognized by their common names such as “elephant ear,” “heart of Jesus,” or “angel wings,” are striking ornamental plants celebrated for their vibrant, colorful foliage rather than their inconspicuous flowers. These tropical perennials, native to South and Central America, bring a dramatic visual appeal to gardens and indoor spaces. Their large, heart-shaped or lance-shaped leaves display intricate patterns and combinations of red, pink, white, and green, adding a unique texture and splash of color to any setting.
Planting and Growing Caladiums
Caladiums can be started from tubers or established potted plants. Tubers are planted in spring after the last frost, when soil temperatures reach 60-70°F, as cooler soil can lead to tuber rot and slow growth. Potted plants can be introduced to your space at any time, especially in warmer climates.
Caladiums thrive in warm, humid conditions and grow well indoors and outdoors. Outdoors, select a location with partial to full shade, as direct, intense sunlight can scorch their delicate leaves and reduce color intensity. They are suited for garden beds, borders, or containers, brightening shaded areas.
When planting tubers directly into the ground, position them with the “eyes” or growing points facing upwards, about 1.5 to 2 inches deep. Space tubers 8 to 12 inches apart for proper growth and air circulation. For container planting, ensure adequate drainage and use a high-quality potting mix. Tubers can be planted individually or grouped for a fuller display, maintaining similar spacing guidelines.
Caladium Care Essentials
Caladiums flourish in bright, indirect light conditions, which helps maintain their vibrant leaf coloration. Most varieties prefer dappled shade or a location shielded from harsh midday sun. Excessive direct sunlight often diminishes the intensity of their foliage colors and can cause leaf burn.
Consistent moisture is important for caladiums, as they prefer soil that remains evenly moist but not waterlogged. Allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings can stress the plant and lead to drooping or yellowing leaves. Water thoroughly until water drains from the bottom of the pot, then allow the top inch of soil to dry slightly before the next watering.
A well-draining soil mix rich in organic matter provides the best growing medium for caladiums. A slightly acidic to neutral soil pH, typically between 5.5 and 6.5, is generally preferred. Incorporating compost or other organic amendments can improve soil structure and nutrient content, supporting vigorous growth.
These tropical plants thrive in warm temperatures, ideally between 65°F and 80°F (18°C-27°C). They are sensitive to cold, so protect them from temperatures below 60°F (15°C). High humidity levels, mimicking their native tropical environment, are also beneficial. Regularly misting the leaves or placing the pots on a pebble tray filled with water can help increase ambient humidity.
During the active growing season, from spring through summer, feed caladiums with a balanced liquid fertilizer every 2-4 weeks. Dilute the fertilizer to half strength to prevent nutrient burn. This regular feeding supports the development of lush, colorful foliage. Reduce fertilization as the plant approaches dormancy in late summer or early fall.
Common Caladium Problems
Caladiums can exhibit certain issues that typically signal a need for adjustment in their care routine. Yellowing leaves, for instance, often indicate either overwatering or underwatering, both of which stress the plant’s root system. A consistent watering schedule, ensuring the soil is moist but not soggy, helps prevent this. Nutrient deficiencies can also cause yellowing, making regular, appropriate fertilization beneficial.
Brown leaf edges or crispy leaves usually point to low humidity or exposure to direct, intense sunlight. Increasing humidity through misting or pebble trays, and ensuring the plant is in a location with filtered light, can alleviate these symptoms. Wind exposure can also cause physical damage to their fragile leaves, leading to browning or tearing.
While generally robust, caladiums can occasionally be bothered by common houseplant pests like spider mites and aphids. Spider mites, often indicated by fine webbing and tiny dots on leaves, thrive in dry conditions. Increasing humidity and regular leaf inspection can help deter them. Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that cluster on new growth; a gentle spray of insecticidal soap can manage these pests effectively.
Winter Care and Storage
Caladiums, being tropical plants, enter a dormant period as temperatures cool and daylight hours shorten, especially in regions outside USDA Zones 9-12. During this time, their leaves will naturally begin to yellow and wither, signaling the plant is preparing for rest. In colder climates, caladium tubers cannot withstand freezing temperatures and must be prepared for winter storage.
To prepare tubers for dormancy, reduce watering as the foliage starts to decline. Once the leaves have completely withered, carefully dig up the tubers from the ground or remove them from their containers. Gently brush off any excess soil, being careful not to damage the tubers. Allow them to air dry for several days in a cool, shaded area to prevent rot during storage.
Store the cleaned, dried tubers in a cool, dry, and dark location where temperatures remain consistently between 50°F and 60°F (10°C-15°C). Placing them in a mesh bag, a paper bag, or a box filled with dry peat moss, vermiculite, or sawdust provides adequate air circulation and insulation. Proper storage ensures the tubers remain viable and ready for replanting the following spring.