Hens and Chicks (genus Sempervivum) are popular and resilient succulents, often chosen for their charming rosette shapes and low-maintenance nature. Among the many varieties, the “black” hens and chicks stand out with their dramatic, deep coloration, adding a striking visual element to gardens and containers. Their ability to thrive in various settings makes them a favored choice for both novice and experienced gardeners.
Understanding Black Hens and Chicks
The dark coloration of “black” hens and chicks, found in cultivars like ‘Black’ or ‘Dark Beauty’, appears as deep burgundy, purple, or purplish-bronze. This hue intensifies in response to environmental factors like intense sunlight and cooler temperatures, as the plant produces protective pigments such as anthocyanins.
These succulents form dense, low-growing rosettes of thick, fleshy leaves. Their common name, “hens and chicks,” comes from their unique propagation: the larger “hen” plant produces smaller “chicks” (offsets) on horizontal stems, which cluster around the mother plant.
Care for Black Hens and Chicks
Light Needs
Full sun exposure is essential for “black” hens and chicks to maintain their deepest coloration. They require at least six hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth and vibrant color. Insufficient light will cause the plants to revert to a greener, less vibrant shade. While they tolerate some partial shade, particularly in climates with very hot summers, consistent bright light is necessary for their characteristic dark appearance.
Watering Practices
These succulents are highly drought-tolerant, preferring infrequent yet thorough watering. Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings to prevent root rot. Water thoroughly until drainage occurs, then allow the soil to dry completely before rewatering, which may take several weeks. During cooler months, reduce watering frequency significantly.
Soil Requirements
Well-draining soil is necessary for black hens and chicks. They thrive in gritty, sandy, or loamy soil compositions, similar to those used for cacti and other succulents. Good drainage prevents water from accumulating around the roots, which can lead to rot. If planting in containers, ensure they have drainage holes, and for garden beds, amend heavy clay soils with grit or pea-sized gravel to improve permeability.
Temperature and Hardiness
Black hens and chicks are cold-hardy, suitable for outdoor cultivation in many climates. Many varieties withstand freezing temperatures, some surviving down to -20°F (-28°C) or -30°F (-34°C), typically hardy in USDA zones 3-9. Low winter temperatures can intensify their dark coloration. They adapt well to temperature fluctuations, but protect them from excessive moisture during cold periods to prevent rot.
Propagating Hens and Chicks
Propagating hens and chicks is straightforward, as they naturally produce offsets, or “chicks.” The “hen” rosette sends out horizontal stems (stolons) from which smaller rosettes emerge. Once chicks are a few inches tall and have developed roots, gently separate them from the parent plant.
Snip the connecting stolon close to the chick or gently pull the offset. Plant the separated chick in well-draining soil, burying its roots while the rosette remains above the surface. New plants need slightly more frequent watering initially to establish roots, then revert to the infrequent schedule of mature plants. This method allows gardeners to easily expand their collection.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Loss of their signature dark color usually indicates insufficient light. Strong sunlight is necessary for pigment development; moving the plant to a brighter location will help restore vibrant hues.
Etiolation, or stretching, is another issue that occurs when plants do not receive enough light. The rosettes will become elongated and less compact as they stretch in search of more light, often accompanied by a loss of color. While the stretched growth cannot revert, increasing light will encourage new, compact growth.
Root rot is a common problem, primarily caused by overwatering or poorly draining soil. Symptoms include mushy, translucent leaves, a soft base, or the plant easily pulling out of the soil. To address this, immediately reduce watering, ensure proper drainage, and consider repotting into fresh, well-draining succulent mix if the rot is severe. Once roots have rotted, revival can be difficult, so prevention through proper watering and soil conditions is the best approach.