Anthurium angamarcanum is a sought-after plant species, known for its distinctive foliage. This aroid, originally described in 1901 by Luis Sodiro, a botanist in Ecuador, stands out in the diverse Anthurium genus.
Distinctive Features
The foliage of Anthurium angamarcanum is characterized by large, dark green, heart-shaped leaves with a glossy surface. A prominent venation pattern crisscrosses the leaf blade, with the midrib and primary lateral veins raised. Tertiary veins are partially sunken above but raised beneath.
The petioles, which support each leaf blade, are dark green, often reddish at their base, and can exhibit a matte finish. These petioles are often sulcate, with tiny parallel grooves along their axis. The plant produces an inflorescence composed of a green spathe and a medium to dark green or reddish-purple spadix, creating an elongated display.
Cultivation and Care
Successfully cultivating Anthurium angamarcanum involves replicating its natural habitat conditions. Providing the right environment allows this plant to thrive.
Light
Anthurium angamarcanum prefers bright, indirect light, mimicking its natural habitat under a tropical forest canopy. Direct sun can scorch its sensitive leaves, leading to browning. Placing the plant near an east-facing window or behind a sheer curtain provides suitable illumination. Inadequate light can result in slower growth and less vibrant leaf color.
Watering
Consistent moisture is important for Anthurium angamarcanum, but avoid waterlogging. Water the plant regularly, allowing the top inch or two of the substrate to dry slightly between waterings. During winter months, when growth slows, reduce watering frequency.
Humidity
High humidity is important for Anthurium angamarcanum, ideally maintained between 60% and 80%. Low humidity can cause leaf crisping and browning tips. To achieve adequate moisture, consider using a humidifier, placing the plant on a pebble tray, or growing it within an enclosed environment like a terrarium. Misting provides temporary relief but is less effective for sustained humidity.
Soil Mix
A well-draining, chunky soil mix is important for the root health of Anthurium angamarcanum. This substrate prevents water pooling, which can lead to root rot. A recommended blend includes two parts pine or fir bark, one part perlite, one part coco coir, and smaller amounts of horticultural charcoal and worm castings. This composition ensures good aeration while retaining sufficient moisture. The plant thrives in slightly acidic soil, with an ideal pH range of 5.5 to 6.5.
Temperature
Anthurium angamarcanum thrives in warm to intermediate temperatures, reflecting its tropical origins. Ideal daytime temperatures range from 20-28°C (68-82°F), with nighttime temperatures around 18-22°C (64-72°F). Protect the plant from temperatures below 15°C (59°F), as it is sensitive to cold. Stable temperatures are beneficial, and sudden fluctuations should be avoided.
Fertilization
Anthurium angamarcanum is not a heavy feeder, so a cautious approach to fertilization is advised. During the active growing season (spring and summer), a balanced liquid fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10 or 20-20-20) supports overall plant health. A fertilizer with higher phosphorus can encourage more robust blooms. Dilute liquid fertilizers to one-quarter or half strength to prevent root burn. Fertilize every two to four weeks, reducing or ceasing fertilization during the cooler winter months.
Propagation Techniques
Expanding your collection of Anthurium angamarcanum can be achieved through propagation methods like stem cuttings or division. These techniques allow for the creation of new plants from existing specimens.
Stem cuttings are a common propagation method. Select a healthy, mature stem section about six to ten inches long that includes at least one node, where new roots will emerge. Make a clean cut just below a node and remove any leaves from the lower two-thirds of the cutting to prevent excess moisture loss. The cut end can be dipped in rooting hormone, though this step is optional, to encourage root development.
Cuttings can be rooted in water or a well-draining soil mix. For water rooting, place the cutting in a jar and change the water weekly; roots typically appear within four to six weeks. For soil rooting, plant the cutting in a moistened, well-draining mix, ensuring at least one node is buried. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged; new growth should become visible within six weeks or more. Regardless of the method, provide bright, indirect light and maintain warm, humid conditions for successful rooting.
Division is another effective propagation method, suitable for mature plants with multiple stems or plantlets at their base. Carefully remove the plant from its pot and gently separate the root ball into sections. Each section should have its own set of healthy stems and a substantial root system. Repot these newly divided sections into individual containers filled with an appropriate, well-draining potting mix.
Addressing Common Challenges
Even with careful attention, Anthurium angamarcanum may encounter challenges. Understanding common issues and their solutions can help maintain plant vigor.
Root rot is a common issue, primarily caused by overwatering or poorly draining soil. Signs include mushy, discolored roots, along with wilting or yellowing leaves. To address root rot, unpot the plant, trim away any affected, soft roots, and spray remaining healthy roots with a diluted 3% hydrogen peroxide solution. Repot the plant into fresh, well-draining soil and reduce watering frequency, allowing the topsoil to dry before rewatering.
Browning or yellowing leaves can indicate several issues. Overwatering often causes yellowing leaves, while both overwatering and underwatering can lead to browning tips or edges. Low humidity, excessive direct sunlight, and chemical buildup from tap water can also contribute to leaf discoloration. Nutrient deficiencies, such as a lack of nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium, may also cause leaves to yellow or brown. Adjusting light exposure, improving humidity, and ensuring proper watering practices can mitigate these issues.
Common pests that may affect Anthurium angamarcanum include spider mites, mealybugs, aphids, thrips, and scale insects. Spider mites cause yellowing leaves and fine webbing, while mealybugs appear as white, cottony clusters. Regularly inspect the plant for signs of these pests. Minor infestations can be managed by wiping leaves with a damp cloth or applying insecticidal soap or neem oil. Severe infestations may require more targeted treatments.
Fungal and bacterial diseases, such as bacterial blight and anthracnose, can also occur. Bacterial blight manifests as water-soaked lesions on leaves and stems, spreading rapidly in humid conditions. Anthracnose, a fungal disease, causes brown or black spots on the leaves. Good air circulation and avoiding excessive leaf wetness are important preventative measures. Removing affected plant parts and, in some cases, applying appropriate fungicides or bactericides can help control the spread of these diseases.