The “owl eye plant” is an indoor plant known for its distinctive, perforated foliage. Its unique appearance makes it a popular choice, adding a tropical touch to any space.
Identifying the Owl Eye Plant
The “owl eye plant” is scientifically known as Monstera adansonii, also called the Swiss Cheese Plant or Monkey Mask Plant. Its leaves develop prominent oval-shaped holes, or fenestrations, as they mature.
This herbaceous perennial climber is native to the tropical rainforests of Mexico, Central America, and South America. In its natural habitat, Monstera adansonii utilizes aerial roots to attach itself to larger trees, climbing upwards to access more sunlight in the dense canopy. The leaves are typically medium to dark green, heart-shaped, and possess a somewhat thick, waxy texture. As a houseplant, it generally reaches a height of 3 to 8 feet, though it can grow larger outdoors.
Comprehensive Care Guide
Light Requirements
Monstera adansonii thrives in bright, indirect sunlight, mimicking the dappled light it receives under the rainforest canopy. Direct sun exposure can scorch its delicate leaves, leading to damage. Placing the plant near an east or west-facing window provides ideal filtered light conditions. Insufficient light can result in slower growth and fewer characteristic perforations in the leaves.
Watering Needs
Maintain consistent soil moisture for Monstera adansonii by allowing the top inch or two (2-3 cm) of soil to dry out between waterings. Overwatering causes root rot, so proper drainage is essential. Watering frequency is typically once a week indoors, depending on conditions.
Soil and Potting
A loose, nutrient-rich, and well-draining soil mix is suitable for Monstera adansonii. An Aroid mix, often containing elements like charcoal, perlite, peat moss, or coco coir and orchid bark, provides the necessary aeration and moisture retention. This plant prefers a slightly acidic to neutral soil pH, ideally between 5.5 and 7.0. When potting, choose a container with drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.
Temperature and Humidity
As a tropical plant, Monstera adansonii prefers warm temperatures (65-85°F / 18-27°C) and high humidity (60%+). Temperatures below 50°F (10°C) can cause stress. Increase humidity with a humidifier, by grouping plants, or by placing the pot on a pebble tray.
Fertilization
During its active growing season in spring and summer, Monstera adansonii benefits from regular fertilization. A balanced, water-soluble fertilizer with an NPK ratio such as 10-10-10 or 20-20-20, diluted to half-strength, can be applied every two to four weeks. Fertilization should be reduced or stopped during the fall and winter months when the plant’s growth naturally slows. Always water the plant before fertilizing to prevent root burn.
Propagation Techniques
Propagate Monstera adansonii using stem cuttings. Select a healthy stem with at least one node (where leaves and aerial roots emerge). Make a clean cut just below a node, ensuring the cutting is 6-8 inches long and includes at least one leaf.
Cuttings can be rooted in water or directly in a suitable soil mix. For water propagation, submerge the node in a jar of clean water, changing the water weekly to prevent stagnation. Roots typically develop within a few weeks. For soil propagation, dipping the cut end in rooting hormone can encourage root development before planting it in a moist, well-draining potting mix. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged until roots are established, which can take 4-6 weeks.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Yellowing leaves on Monstera adansonii indicate watering issues (too much or too little) or insufficient light. Adjusting the watering schedule helps. Brown leaf tips or edges often point to low humidity, inconsistent watering, or fertilizer burn. Increase humidity and ensure consistent moisture to alleviate these symptoms.
Pest infestations, such as spider mites (speckled leaves, webbing) and mealybugs (cotton-like masses), affect Monstera adansonii. Manage them by rinsing leaves, applying neem oil, or increasing humidity. Root rot, characterized by mushy, discolored roots and wilting leaves, results from overwatering or poor drainage. Address it by trimming affected roots and repotting in fresh, well-draining soil.
Safety and Display Considerations
Monstera adansonii contains calcium oxalate crystals, making all parts toxic if ingested by humans or pets. Ingestion can cause oral irritation, pain, swelling, and digestive upset. Keep the plant out of reach of children and pets. Wear gloves when handling or pruning to avoid skin irritation from the sap.
Given its vining and climbing growth habit, Monstera adansonii offers versatile display options. It can be grown in hanging baskets, allowing its perforated foliage to cascade beautifully. Alternatively, providing a moss pole, trellis, or other support structure encourages its natural climbing behavior, leading to larger leaves and a more upright display.