Pothos, a common trailing houseplant, typically appears in its juvenile form with small, heart-shaped leaves. Many are unaware these adaptable vines can undergo a remarkable transformation. Given specific conditions, a pothos matures into a significantly different plant, showcasing striking changes in its foliage and growth habit. This maturation unveils a more robust and visually distinct specimen.
Defining Adult Pothos Characteristics
An adult pothos exhibits several distinct features that set it apart from its smaller, more common juvenile form. The most noticeable change is a significant increase in leaf size, with mature leaves potentially growing up to three feet long in their natural habitat, though typically four to eight inches indoors. These larger leaves often develop fenestrations, which are natural splits or holes, similar to those seen in Monstera plants. This intricate pattern gives the foliage a more complex and mature aesthetic.
Another prominent characteristic of an adult pothos is the presence of well-developed aerial roots. Unlike the fine roots found in the soil, these roots emerge from the plant’s nodes and grow above the ground. In their native tropical environments, aerial roots primarily function as anchors, allowing the pothos to cling securely to tree trunks and other surfaces as it climbs towards light. Beyond providing structural support, these specialized roots can also absorb moisture and nutrients from the humid air, supplementing the plant’s needs as it ascends.
The Maturation Process
The transition of a pothos from its juvenile to adult form is an example of ontogenetic plasticity, a plant’s ability to change its form in response to environmental cues. For pothos, this shift is primarily triggered by vertical climbing. As the plant climbs, its aerial roots attach firmly to a supportive surface, such as a tree trunk in its natural habitat. This consistent vertical growth and improved light exposure stimulate the production of larger leaves and the development of fenestrations. Without this vertical stimulus, pothos plants remain in their juvenile, vining state, regardless of age.
Cultivating Adult Pothos
Encouraging a pothos to reach its adult form requires mimicking aspects of its natural climbing environment. Providing robust vertical support is a primary step, with options like moss poles, coco coir poles, or trellises proving effective. Training the vines to climb involves gently guiding them upwards and helping the aerial roots attach to the support structure. Regularly misting the pole or support can encourage these roots to adhere more readily.
Consistent bright, indirect light is also necessary to fuel the increased growth associated with maturation. While pothos can tolerate lower light, brighter conditions promote larger leaf development and overall plant vigor. Higher humidity levels, ideally between 40-60%, are particularly beneficial for the development and function of aerial roots. This can be achieved through humidifiers or pebble trays.
Supporting this vigorous growth also involves consistent watering and fertilization. Water the plant when the top one to two inches of soil feel dry. During the active growing season, apply a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half-strength monthly to provide necessary nutrients. Avoid over-fertilization to prevent salt buildup, which can damage the plant.
Caring for Your Mature Pothos
Once a pothos has achieved its mature form, ongoing care adjusts to accommodate its larger size and sustained growth. The increased leaf surface area of an adult pothos typically results in higher water consumption. Monitor soil moisture and water thoroughly when the top two to three inches of soil are dry.
Pruning a mature pothos can help maintain its shape and manage its size without hindering vertical growth. Light maintenance pruning can be done year-round, with heavier trimming best performed during the growing season.
Repotting becomes necessary as the extensive root system of a mature plant fills its container. Signs like roots emerging from drainage holes or circling the pot indicate it is time to upgrade. When repotting, select a container only two to three inches larger in diameter than the previous one to avoid excessive soil moisture retention. This provides ample space for continued root development while minimizing the risk of overwatering.