Aloe goliath is a striking succulent known for its impressive size and unique architectural form, making it a focal point in any garden or collection. This hybrid aloe commands attention with its substantial presence, appealing to enthusiasts seeking a large, visually impactful plant. Its robust nature and captivating appearance contribute to its growing popularity.
Understanding Aloe Goliath’s Unique Traits
Aloe goliath is a tree-like hybrid, a cross between Aloe barberae and Aloe vaombe, reaching 8 to 12 feet tall with a 4 to 5-foot spread. It features a heavy, unbranched stem supporting a massive head of foliage. Its long, broad, medium-green leaves arch gracefully, taper to a narrow tip, and have a rubbery texture, weighing several pounds each. These leaves have very few teeth along their margins and noticeable parallel veins.
While its growth rate is fast, this vigor can lead to older stems becoming too heavy and prone to breaking. Mature plants produce an inflorescence in late fall or winter, with many upright branches rising 1 to 3 feet above the foliage, bearing salmon to orange flowers.
Caring for Your Aloe Goliath
Light Requirements
Aloe goliath thrives in full sun exposure, which is crucial for robust growth and vibrant appearance. Place the plant where it receives at least six hours of direct sunlight daily. However, intense direct sun, especially during the hottest parts of the day or in very warm climates, can lead to sun stress, manifesting as a reddish tint to the leaves.
For optimal health and to prevent scorching, a location with morning sun and light afternoon shade is ideal, particularly in regions with extreme summer heat. Indirect bright light is also suitable for younger plants or those acclimating to stronger sun. Consistent light prevents the plant from stretching or becoming leggy.
Soil and Potting
A well-draining soil mix is important for Aloe goliath to prevent waterlogging and root issues. A gritty, lean, and rocky soil composition mimics its natural habitat, promoting healthy root development. Many growers create their own mix, combining porous materials like pumice or perlite with coarse sand or grit, and a smaller proportion of organic materials like potting soil or coco coir. A common ratio is about 70% inorganic materials to 30% organic matter, ensuring excellent aeration and drainage.
Pots with ample drainage holes are essential for excess water to escape freely. Terracotta or unglazed ceramic pots are favored because their porous nature allows for better airflow and faster moisture evaporation. When repotting, choose a container only slightly larger than the current one, as aloes prefer to be snug. Adding a layer of pumice or small gravel at the bottom of the pot aids drainage.
Watering Needs
Aloe goliath, like other succulents, stores water in its thick leaves and is drought-tolerant, requiring infrequent but thorough watering. Saturate the soil completely until water drains from the bottom of the pot. This deep watering encourages a robust root system.
Allowing the soil to dry out entirely between waterings is crucial to prevent root rot, a common issue for aloes. Watering frequency depends on environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and pot size; every two weeks in summer and once a month in winter is a starting point. Signs of underwatering include wrinkled, dried, or brown leaves, while overwatering can lead to soft, mushy, yellow, or translucent leaves that may burst.
Temperature and Humidity
Aloe goliath thrives in warm climates, preferring temperatures between 55°F and 80°F (13°C to 27°C). It tolerates temperatures down to 25°F (-4°C), but prolonged exposure below 55°F can stress the plant, leading to wilting or root rot. Protection from frost is important in colder regions.
This succulent is adapted to dry, arid environments and prefers low to moderate humidity. High humidity, especially with cool temperatures and insufficient airflow, can contribute to fungal issues. Good air circulation around the plant helps manage humidity and maintain health.
Fertilization
Aloe goliath has modest nutritional needs and does not require frequent fertilization. Over-fertilizing can lead to excessive, heavy growth that the stem may struggle to support, potentially causing it to fall over. It can also cause root burn or leaf damage, such as yellowing or dark spots.
If desired, apply a light, balanced succulent or cactus fertilizer during the active growing season, from spring through summer. Dilute liquid fertilizers to half strength and apply monthly, or use slow-release granular fertilizers at half the recommended dosage in early spring and early summer. Avoid fertilizing in fall and winter when the plant’s growth slows or it enters dormancy.
Propagating Aloe Goliath
Propagating Aloe goliath is most effectively done through offsets, known as “pups,” which emerge from the base of the parent plant. This method offers a higher success rate compared to leaf cuttings or seeds. Pups are clones that develop their own root systems while still attached to the mother plant.
To propagate, wait until pups have developed several leaves and a visible root system, indicating they are mature enough for separation. Carefully remove the entire plant from its pot or loosen the soil around the base if planted in the ground. Gently separate the pups from the mother plant, using a clean, sharp knife if necessary to cut them free without damaging the roots. Allow the separated pups to callus for 24 to 48 hours in a cool, dry place before potting. Plant the pups in small pots (around 4 inches in diameter) filled with well-draining succulent potting mix, ensuring the base of the pup is just above the soil line. Water lightly after a few days to allow any cuts to heal.
Addressing Common Aloe Goliath Issues
Aloe goliath is resilient, but issues can arise from improper care or environmental factors. Root rot is a common problem, caused by overwatering or poorly draining soil. Symptoms include yellowing, soft, or mushy leaves, often with a foul smell from the soil. To address root rot, unpot the plant, remove all affected roots, and repot in fresh, well-draining soil. Allowing roots to air dry for a few days before repotting is also beneficial.
Pest infestations, particularly mealybugs, can affect Aloe goliath. These small, white, cottony insects cluster in leaf axils or on the undersides of leaves. A strong spray of water can dislodge mealybugs, or wipe them off with a cotton swab dipped in 70% isopropyl alcohol. Neem oil spray is an effective organic treatment for persistent infestations. Regularly inspecting central growing points helps in early detection and treatment.
Leaf discoloration indicates various problems. Yellowing or browning leaves, especially from the base upwards, signal overwatering or sun stress. If leaves appear thin, curled, or shriveled, it points to underwatering or insufficient moisture retention. Adjusting watering practices and ensuring appropriate light exposure resolves these issues. Removing discolored or damaged leaves helps maintain health and appearance.