Understanding Your Small Split Leaf Philodendron
The term “small split leaf philodendron” often causes confusion. It commonly refers to Monstera deliciosa (Swiss Cheese Plant) and Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum (formerly Philodendron selloum). Both belong to different genera and have distinct growth patterns, though “small” refers to their juvenile stage before they grow large. Monstera deliciosa is a vining epiphyte that climbs and develops holes and splits as it matures. Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum grows as an upright shrub or small tree, forming a trunk-like stem with deeply lobed leaves that split naturally.
Key Characteristics
For Monstera deliciosa, fenestrations (holes and cuts) appear as the plant ages and receives adequate light; younger leaves emerge whole. Both plants have large, leathery, deep green leaves. Monstera deliciosa leaves can exceed a foot in diameter, while Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum leaves are deeply cut, almost to the central vein.
Both species also produce aerial roots from the stem above the soil line. Monstera deliciosa uses these roots to cling and absorb moisture, while Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum uses them for support. These natural roots should generally not be removed.
Essential Care for Healthy Growth
Both Monstera deliciosa and Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum prefer bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch leaves, while insufficient light leads to leggy growth and smaller leaves. An ideal location is near a north or east-facing window, or a few feet from a south or west-facing window.
These plants prefer consistently moist, but not waterlogged, soil. Allow the top two to three inches to dry before watering thoroughly, ensuring drainage. Overwatering causes root rot and yellowing leaves, while underwatering leads to drooping, crispy leaves.
A well-draining, airy potting mix is ideal, typically including peat moss or coco coir, perlite, and orchid bark for aeration and drainage. This mimics their natural growing conditions. These tropical plants thrive in warm temperatures, ideally 65-80°F (18-27°C), and appreciate high humidity. Increase humidity with a pebble tray, grouping plants, or a humidifier; browning leaf tips often indicate insufficient humidity.
During the active growing season (spring and summer), fertilize every two to four weeks with a balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer. Dilute to half strength to avoid burning roots. Reduce or stop fertilizing during the dormant fall and winter months.
Managing Size and Growth Habits
While these plants start small, they can grow quite large, making size management important for indoor cultivation. Pruning effectively controls their size and shape. Trim leggy stems or remove older, yellowing leaves at the node using clean, sharp pruning shears. Pruning also encourages bushier growth by prompting new growth points below the cut. For Monstera deliciosa, pruning helps maintain a compact form; for Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum, removing lower leaves defines its trunk-like appearance.
When root-bound (roots circling drainage holes), repot into a slightly larger container. Choosing a pot only one or two inches wider than the current one can limit overall growth, as larger pots encourage more extensive root and foliage development. For Monstera deliciosa, a moss pole or sturdy stake is beneficial as it matures. These supports allow the plant to climb, mimicking its natural vining habit, and often encourage larger leaves with more prominent fenestrations. Remember, these are naturally large species that will continue to grow over many years.
Common Problems and Solutions
Yellowing leaves often indicate overwatering, especially with soft stems. Allow soil to dry more between waterings and ensure good drainage. Nutrient deficiencies can also cause yellowing; provide balanced fertilizer during the growing season. Browning leaf tips or edges typically point to low humidity or inconsistent watering. Increase ambient humidity and maintain a consistent watering schedule. Mineral buildup from tap water can also contribute; use filtered water or let tap water sit overnight.
If your Monstera deliciosa isn’t developing splits or holes, it may be due to immaturity or insufficient light. Ensure bright, indirect light, as fenestration is light-dependent and occurs with age. A moss pole can also encourage larger leaf development. Houseplant pests like spider mites, mealybugs, and thrips can occasionally affect these plants. Regularly inspect leaf undersides and stems for early detection. For pests, wipe them away with a damp cloth or alcohol-dipped cotton swab. For persistent infestations, apply insecticidal soap or neem oil solution as directed.