The jade plant (Crassula ovata) is a popular succulent houseplant known for its robust nature and appealing aesthetic. Its thick, woody stems and plump, oval, green leaves give it a distinctive, miniature tree-like appearance. Originating from South Africa, this resilient succulent thrives in varied indoor conditions. Often associated with good fortune and prosperity, it is a popular gift and household plant.
Jade Plant Care
Light
Jade plants thrive in bright, indirect sunlight, ideally receiving four to six hours daily. Place them near a south or west-facing window, but protect them from intense, direct midday sun to prevent leaf scorch. Insufficient light causes leggy, stretched stems with wider leaf spacing. Too much direct sun may cause leaves to develop reddish edges or brown spots.
Soil
Proper drainage is essential for jade plants to prevent root rot. Use a specialized succulent or cactus potting mix for aeration and quick drainage. If unavailable, blend regular potting soil with perlite or pumice. Always plant jade plants in pots with drainage holes, as standing water causes root problems. Terracotta or clay pots are recommended for their ability to absorb excess soil moisture.
Water
Water jade plants using a “soak and dry” method, allowing the soil to dry out significantly between waterings. Check the soil by inserting a finger two inches deep; if it feels dry, it’s time to water. During spring and summer, water about once a week. In winter, reduce frequency to approximately once a month as the plant enters dormancy. Overwatering frequently causes root rot and leaf drop, so avoid leaving the plant in standing water.
Temperature and Humidity
Jade plants prefer average household temperatures, ideally 65°F to 75°F (18°C to 24°C) during the day. They tolerate slightly cooler night temperatures, down to 55°F (13°C), but avoid exposure below 50°F (10°C) for extended periods, as cold drafts cause leaf drop. They adapt well to typical indoor humidity (30-50%), though extremely dry air might cause brown leaf tips. Place plants away from drafty windows or air ducts to maintain a stable environment.
Fertilizer
Jade plants do not require frequent fertilization. During their active growing season (spring and summer), apply a balanced liquid fertilizer, diluted to half strength, monthly to support growth. Alternatively, use a controlled-release fertilizer at the beginning of the growing season. Avoid fertilizing during dormant winter months, as this can stress the plant. Always water the plant before applying fertilizer to prevent root burn.
Repotting Jade Plants
Repot jade plants every two to three years, or when they become root-bound or top-heavy. Spring, when new growth begins, is the best time. Choose a new container with drainage holes, one or two inches larger than the previous pot. For taller plants, a heavier pot, like terracotta or clay, provides stability.
To repot, gently tap the current pot to loosen the soil and root ball, then carefully remove the plant. Shake off old soil and trim any rotten or dead roots. Add a layer of fresh, well-draining succulent mix to the new pot. Position the plant, then fill around the roots with more soil, ensuring it sits at the same depth. After repotting, water sparingly and allow the plant to settle for about a week before resuming a regular watering schedule.
Propagating Jade Plants
Jade plants propagate effectively from both stem and leaf cuttings. For stem cuttings, select a healthy stem 3 to 4 inches long and remove lower leaves to expose nodes. For leaf propagation, gently twist an intact leaf from the stem, ensuring the entire base is removed. After taking cuttings, allow them to sit in a warm, dry place for several days until the cut end forms a callus. This callusing prevents rot and encourages rooting.
Once calloused, plant stem cuttings one to two inches deep in well-draining succulent soil. Lay leaf cuttings on top of the soil, nestling the calloused end. Water very lightly after planting, or wait until new growth appears, as excess moisture before rooting can cause rot. Place the pot in a warm, bright location; roots typically develop within a few weeks.
Common Problems With Jade Plants
Pests
Jade plants can encounter common houseplant pests like mealybugs and spider mites. Mealybugs appear as small, white, cottony masses on stems and leaf undersides. Spider mites may cause fine webbing and tiny spots on leaves, leading to sticky leaves from honeydew. Manage these pests by wiping affected areas with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol or using insecticidal soap.
Diseases
Root rot is the most prevalent disease affecting jade plants, caused by overwatering or poorly draining soil. Symptoms include yellowing leaves, wilting, general decline, and mushy, brown roots. If suspected, remove the plant from its pot, trim decayed roots, and repot in fresh, dry, well-draining soil. Bacterial soft rot can also occur, causing stems and branches to soften and collapse; discard infected plants as there is no known control.
Environmental Issues
Environmental factors can cause various issues for jade plants. Leaf drop results from overwatering, underwatering, or sudden temperature changes. Shriveled or wrinkled leaves indicate underwatering. Limp or soggy leaves signal overwatering. Red or brown leaf edges are a response to excessive direct sunlight.