The term “helicopter succulent” primarily refers to varieties of Aeonium arboreum, such as ‘Zwartkop’ or ‘Pinwheel’. These plants are known for their distinctive rosettes of glossy, waxy leaves at the ends of tall, often branching stems. This growth habit, with rosettes appearing to “hover,” gives them their unique name. While Crassula falcata (Propeller Plant) is sometimes also called a “helicopter plant” due to its propeller-shaped leaves, this article focuses on Aeonium arboreum due to its common association with the term and its characteristic rosette form.
Identifying the Helicopter Succulent
Cultivars like ‘Zwartkop’ (also known as ‘Black Rose’ or ‘Black Head’) are popular, showcasing very dark, deep burgundy or almost black leaves. ‘Pinwheel’ (Aeonium haworthii) also features a rosette shape resembling a pinwheel. Leaves vary in shape and come in colors from bright green to purple, red, or variegated patterns, depending on the cultivar and light exposure. Mature Aeonium arboreum can reach 3 to 6 feet tall, with rosettes often measuring 4 to 10 inches across.
Care for Helicopter Succulents
Helicopter succulents, members of the Aeonium genus, require specific care. They prefer full sun to partial shade; brighter light enhances leaf coloration, especially in darker cultivars. In hot climates, afternoon shade prevents scorching. Indoors, provide at least six to eight hours of bright, indirect light.
Water deeply, then allow the soil to dry completely before rewatering. Overwatering is a common cause of root rot. Aeoniums go dormant in summer, significantly reducing their water needs; water very sparingly, if at all, during this period, especially in dry summer regions.
These are not tropical plants. They prefer temperatures between 65°F and 75°F (18°C-24°C) but can tolerate cooler temperatures down to 50°F (10°C) during their winter growing season.
A well-draining soil mix is essential, such as a succulent or cactus potting mix amended with perlite or pumice. They do not tolerate waterlogged conditions.
Fertilize lightly and infrequently during their active winter and spring growing season. Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. Avoid fertilizing during summer dormancy or in poor soil, as excessive nutrients can cause leggy growth or discoloration.
Propagating Helicopter Succulents
Stem cuttings are the most effective method for propagating helicopter succulents. Propagate during their active growing season in spring. Select a healthy stem with a rosette, aiming for 4 to 6 inches in length. Make a clean cut just below a node using sharp, sterilized pruners.
After taking the cutting, allow the cut end to callus. Place it in a dry, shaded area with air circulation for a few days to two weeks until a dry layer forms. Callusing prevents rot once planted. Once callused, plant the cutting into a pot with well-draining succulent or cactus mix, burying the stem deep enough to hold it upright. Water lightly and maintain slightly moist soil until roots develop, usually within a few weeks.
Common Challenges
While resilient, helicopter succulents can face common problems. Overwatering frequently leads to root rot, causing wilting and mushy or black stems. Prevent this by ensuring the soil dries completely between waterings and using a pot with adequate drainage. Insufficient light causes etiolation, where stems stretch and leaves appear pale. Moving the plant to a brighter location addresses this, though stretched growth will not revert.
Pests like mealybugs, aphids, and spider mites may affect these plants. Mealybugs are white, cottony masses; aphids are small insects clustering on new growth; and spider mites create fine webbing. Small infestations are often removed with a damp cloth or gentle water spray. For persistent pests, apply a diluted solution of insecticidal soap or rubbing alcohol, testing on a small area first.