The ‘Figaro’ fig tree (Ficus obliqua ‘Figaro’) is an ornamental cultivar known for its lush foliage and adaptable growth. Unlike fruit-bearing fig trees, ‘Figaro’ is cultivated for its dense greenery rather than edible figs. This article details the characteristics of Ficus obliqua ‘Figaro’ and provides general cultivation practices applicable to common edible fig trees (Ficus carica), helping you foster a healthy fig plant.
Understanding the ‘Figaro’ Fig
The ‘Figaro’ fig (Ficus obliqua ‘Figaro’) is a compact, mounded evergreen shrub, typically growing 36 to 78 inches tall and 48 to 59 inches wide. It features glossy, bright to dark green leaves, sometimes with a subtle pink flush on new spring growth. Its dense foliage makes it suitable for low hedging, topiary, or container displays.
While a member of the Ficus genus, Ficus obliqua ‘Figaro’ is not grown for fruit and rarely produces flowers or fruit in cultivation. For edible figs, Ficus carica is the species known for its sweet, fleshy fruits.
Planting Your Fig Tree
Selecting an appropriate site is crucial for establishing any fig tree. Both ornamental ‘Figaro’ and fruit-bearing Ficus carica thrive in full sun, ideally with at least eight hours of direct sunlight daily. Reflected heat from nearby walls or buildings can also benefit growth, especially in cooler climates. Well-drained soil is essential for healthy root development and plant vigor.
Fig trees adapt to various soil types, though a well-drained loam enriched with organic matter is preferred. The ideal soil pH for fig trees ranges from slightly acidic to neutral, typically between 6.0 and 7.5. When planting, dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball. For container planting, select a pot with drainage holes; gradually increase pot size as the tree grows.
After planting, water generously to settle the soil and eliminate air pockets. Mulch around the base helps retain soil moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weeds. Initial watering is important for newly planted trees to support establishment, with consistent moisture being beneficial.
Essential Care and Maintenance
Consistent watering is crucial for fig trees, especially during establishment and fruiting. While established figs show some drought tolerance, regular deep watering promotes better fruit production and vigor. Container-grown figs typically require more frequent watering than in-ground plants, often when the top two inches of soil feel dry.
Fertilizing requirements are modest, as fig trees are not heavy feeders. Excessive nitrogen can lead to lush foliage at the expense of fruit development. A balanced slow-release fertilizer applied in early spring as new growth emerges is sufficient for established plants. For young plants (one to two years old), apply a balanced fertilizer like 8-8-8 at 8 ounces per plant in early spring, mid-May, and mid-July.
Fig trees thrive in full sun. Optimal light exposure promotes robust growth and, for edible figs, better fruit ripening. While resilient, fig trees can be susceptible to pests like spider mites, scale insects, and mealybugs, as well as diseases like fig rust. Regular inspection helps early detection and timely intervention.
Winter protection is important for fig trees, particularly Ficus carica in colder climates (outside USDA Hardiness Zones 7-10). In zones below 15-20°F, in-ground trees may need protection like mulching or wrapping. Container-grown figs can be moved indoors to an unheated garage, basement, or shed when temperatures consistently fall below freezing. Protecting fig trees from extreme cold prevents dieback and promotes consistent fruit production.
Pruning for Health and Yield
Pruning fig trees shapes the plant, promotes fruit production in edible varieties, removes dead or diseased wood, and improves air circulation. For young trees, formative pruning establishes a strong structure. Mature trees benefit from maintenance pruning to encourage new, fruit-bearing growth. Pruning also manages tree size and shape, useful for container-grown specimens.
Major pruning is best done during the dormant season, in late winter or early spring before new growth. This minimizes stress and provides clear visibility. Light summer pruning removes suckers, thins dense areas, or encourages a second crop on some Ficus carica varieties. Avoid excessive pruning, as it can disrupt hormonal balance and reduce fruit yield.
Rejuvenation pruning revitalizes aging fig trees by stimulating vigorous new growth. This is often done over several seasons to avoid shocking the tree. Proper techniques ensure light penetration, aiding fruit development and deterring fungal issues by improving air movement.
Harvesting Figs
Identifying ripe figs on a Ficus carica tree involves several indicators. Ripe figs change color, become softer, and may droop from the branch. The edible skin becomes less firm, and the fig’s neck softens. A fully ripe fig develops a rich, sweet aroma and may exude a small drop of nectar from its “eye.”
Figs do not ripen after picking, so harvest them at peak ripeness. Gently twist the fig from the branch. If it doesn’t detach easily, it needs more time. Harvest in the morning after dew has dried to extend shelf life.
Fresh figs are delicate and best consumed soon after harvesting. Store them at room temperature for a day or two, or refrigerate for a few days. The entire fig, including the skin, is edible, though some prefer to peel them.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Fig trees are robust, but issues can affect their health or productivity. Common concerns include leaf yellowing or dropping. While some leaf drop is natural, especially as deciduous figs enter autumn dormancy, premature yellowing signals problems like overwatering, nutrient deficiencies, or temperature stress. Proper drainage, balanced fertilization, and consistent moisture without waterlogging can mitigate these issues.
Lack of fruit production in edible fig trees can stem from insufficient sunlight, improper pruning, or young trees needing time to mature. Stress from inadequate watering, nutrient imbalances, or cold temperatures also inhibits fruiting. Addressing these environmental factors and ensuring adequate care often resolves fruiting issues.
Stunted growth, with slow development and small leaves, indicates underlying problems. Compacted soil, poor drainage, or nutrient deficiencies restrict root growth and nutrient uptake. Pests or diseases can also drain a tree’s energy and impede growth. Regular soil testing, appropriate fertilization, and diligent pest management contribute to vigorous growth and a healthy fig tree.