The Candelabra Tree (Euphorbia ingens) is a striking succulent known for its unique, architectural form resembling a candelabra. Native to Southern Africa, this plant features thick, four-lobed, dark green stems that branch upwards. Though often mistaken for a cactus, it belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is popular for both indoor and outdoor landscapes in suitable climates.
Essential Care Requirements
Light
Candelabra Trees thrive in bright light, requiring several hours of direct sunlight daily. Outdoors, full sun to partial shade is ideal; afternoon shade protects them in hot climates. Indoors, place the plant near a south or west-facing window for bright, direct light. Insufficient light leads to etiolation, causing stretched, weak stems and hindering flowering.
Watering
As a succulent, the Candelabra Tree is drought-tolerant and sensitive to overwatering. Use the “soak and dry” method: water thoroughly until it drains, then allow the soil to dry completely. During spring and summer, water every two to three weeks, or when the top few inches of soil are dry. In fall and winter, reduce watering significantly to once a month or less, ensuring the soil remains dry.
Soil and Potting
A well-draining, gritty soil mix is important for the Candelabra Tree to prevent root rot. A cactus and succulent potting mix, or a homemade blend of potting soil, perlite, and sand (1:1:1 ratio), provides proper drainage. Containers must have drainage holes. Repotting is typically needed every couple of years, or when roots emerge from drainage holes, and is best done in spring or summer.
Temperature and Humidity
Candelabra Trees prefer warm, dry conditions, ideally between 60°F and 85°F (15°C and 29°C). They tolerate brief periods as low as 28°F to 30°F (-2°C to -1°C), but prolonged frost can cause damage or be fatal. While tolerant of average indoor humidity, good air circulation helps prevent fungal issues.
Fertilizing
These succulents are not heavy feeders and thrive with minimal fertilization. During spring and summer, apply a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength about once a month for container-grown plants. Avoid over-fertilization, as it can lead to excessive growth and weak stems. A cactus and succulent fertilizer with high potassium content is often recommended.
Pruning and Maintenance
Pruning a Candelabra Tree maintains its shape, manages size, or removes damaged branches. The plant responds well, with new growth often emerging from cut areas, encouraging a fuller appearance. The best time for pruning is during warmer temperatures in the growing season, allowing the plant to heal effectively.
Use sharp, sterilized tools to make clean cuts and prevent disease spread. Allow the cut end to callus for several days before handling, especially for propagating cuttings. Promptly removing yellowing or mushy stems helps maintain plant health.
Common Issues and Solutions
The Candelabra Tree is generally low-maintenance, but issues can arise from improper care. Overwatering is the most frequent problem, leading to root rot, which manifests as mushy stems. Ensuring the soil dries completely between waterings and using a well-draining mix are the best preventive measures. If root rot is severe, cutting above the rot and rerooting the healthy section may be the only solution.
Underwatering causes yellowing or shriveled stems, indicating a need for more frequent hydration. Adjusting the watering schedule, especially increasing it during warmer months, resolves this. Though pest-resistant due to their toxic sap, Candelabra Trees can be affected by mealybugs, spider mites, and scale insects. These can be addressed by manual removal or insecticidal soap.
Safety Considerations
The Candelabra Tree, like many Euphorbia species, contains a milky white sap that is highly toxic and can cause irritation. This latex-like sap causes severe skin irritation, redness, and a burning sensation. Contact with eyes can lead to severe pain, blurred vision, and temporary blindness. If ingested, the sap causes burning of the mouth, lips, and tongue, along with nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal distress.
When handling the plant, especially during pruning or repotting, wear protective gear, including thick gloves and eye protection. If sap contacts skin, wash the area immediately with soap and water. For eye exposure, flush with cool water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention if irritation persists. Keep the Candelabra Tree out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental exposure.