Calathea plants, known for their striking foliage and unique leaf movements, are popular indoor plants. Native to tropical Central and South America, these plants are admired for their intricately patterned leaves, displaying colors from deep greens to purples and reds. Their distinctive habit of folding leaves upwards at night, resembling hands in prayer, has earned some species the name “prayer plant.” This movement, called nyctinasty, is controlled by specialized leaf joints.
Calathea Care Requirements
Calatheas thrive in conditions mimicking their natural rainforest habitat, requiring specific attention to light, water, and humidity. They prefer bright, indirect light; direct sunlight can scorch leaves and fade patterns. An east- or west-facing window is suitable, or a spot a few feet from a south-facing window with diffused light. Rotate the plant periodically for even light exposure.
Watering needs are precise: keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Allow the top inch or two to dry slightly between waterings, typically every 1-2 weeks. Calatheas are sensitive to tap water minerals; use distilled, filtered, or rainwater to prevent leaf discoloration. If using tap water, let it sit overnight to dissipate chlorine.
High humidity is crucial; 50% or higher is ideal. Dry conditions cause browning leaf edges. Increase humidity by placing the plant on a pebble tray, grouping it with other plants, or using a humidifier. Bathrooms or steamy kitchens also offer higher humidity.
Calatheas thrive in temperatures from 65°F to 85°F (18°C to 30°C). Keep them away from cold drafts or sudden fluctuations, as temperatures below 60°F (15°C) can cause damage. The ideal soil mix is well-draining yet moisture-retentive, often a peat-based mix with perlite or coco coir for aeration. A slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0 to 6.5) is preferred.
During spring and summer, fertilize monthly or every two to four weeks with a balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer diluted to half strength. Avoid fertilizing in fall and winter when growth slows. Adhere to dilutions to prevent nutrient burn.
Troubleshooting Calathea Issues
Calatheas may show signs of distress. Browning leaf edges or tips often indicate insufficient humidity or water quality issues. Increase humidity and use filtered or distilled water to alleviate this.
Curling or drooping leaves during the day often signal underwatering or temperature stress. Ensure consistent soil moisture and protect the plant from cold drafts. Yellowing leaves, especially with soft stems, suggest overwatering and potential root rot. Yellowing can also indicate nutrient deficiency or too much light.
Common pests include spider mites, mealybugs, and aphids. Spider mites cause speckling or webbing, mealybugs appear as white masses, and aphids are small, soft-bodied insects. Isolate affected plants and treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Repotting Calathea
Repot Calatheas every one to two years, or when root-bound, indicated by roots emerging from drainage holes or stunted growth. The best time is spring or early summer during active growth. Choose a new pot only one or two inches larger in diameter to prevent overpotting and root rot.
Handle the plant gently to minimize root disturbance. Prepare the new pot with fresh, well-draining Calathea potting mix. Remove the plant, gently loosen compacted roots, and place it in the new pot at the same level. Water lightly after repotting to settle soil and encourage root growth. Avoid fertilizing for several weeks to allow adjustment.
Propagating Calathea
Propagate Calatheas most successfully by division during spring repotting. This involves carefully separating a mature plant’s rhizomatous root ball into smaller sections. Each division needs healthy roots and at least two to three leaves. Gently untangle the root system or use a clean, sharp knife to divide the plant.
Pot each new division in its own container with fresh Calathea potting mix. Keep newly potted divisions in a warm, humid environment for establishment. Consistent soil moisture and bright, indirect light will support new root and foliage growth.