Aloe plants are popular houseplants. A mature aloe plant can become a striking focal point in any indoor or outdoor setting. Their size brings unique care considerations compared to smaller specimens.
Understanding Your Big Aloe Plant
A “big” aloe plant is a mature specimen of Aloe vera (also known as Aloe barbadensis miller). While Aloe vera commonly matures to 24 to 39 inches (60-100 cm) tall, some can grow taller. Other species, like Aloe arborescens, can grow larger, reaching 6.6 to 9.8 feet (2-3 meters) tall, and Aloe barberae can reach up to 60 feet.
A mature aloe plant has thick, fleshy, lance-shaped leaves that fan out from a central rosette. These leaves are green to grey-green, and some varieties may display white flecks. A large aloe plant’s size is influenced by its age, specific variety, and growing conditions. The common Aloe vera barbadensis can achieve substantial dimensions, while smaller varieties like Aloe chinensis will not grow as large. An Aloe vera plant can reach its full size in about five years.
Caring for a Large Aloe Plant
Caring for a large aloe plant involves considerations for its size. Providing the right environment supports its growth and health.
Light Needs
Large aloe plants thrive in bright, indirect sunlight. Placing them near a south or west-facing window indoors provides ample light without the harshness of direct sun, which can scorch their leaves. If moved outdoors, a sheltered, sunny spot is ideal, and a gradual transition helps prevent leaf burn. Insufficient light can cause the plant to become leggy, with stretched-out leaves seeking more light.
Watering Practices
Proper watering is important for large aloe plants, as overwatering is a common cause of issues. These succulents store water in their thick leaves and prefer their soil to dry out completely between waterings. For a large plant, this typically means watering every two to three weeks during spring and summer, and even less frequently in fall and winter when the plant’s growth slows. Water thoroughly until water drains from the pot’s bottom, then discard any excess water to prevent the plant from sitting in standing moisture.
Soil and Drainage
Large aloe plants require a well-draining soil mix to prevent root rot. A specialized cactus or succulent potting mix is suitable. The soil should allow water to pass through quickly, providing aeration for the roots. Terra cotta or unglazed ceramic pots are recommended because their porous nature allows excess moisture to evaporate more readily, supporting good drainage.
Fertilization
Aloe plants are adapted to nutrient-poor desert soils and generally require minimal fertilization. For large, potted aloe plants, an annual feeding in spring or early summer during their active growth phase can support growth. A balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer, diluted to half strength, works well. Over-fertilizing can harm the plant, so it is best to err on the side of less. Fertilization should be avoided in winter when the plant is dormant, and for several weeks after repotting.
Repotting and Supporting Large Aloe Plants
Repotting a large aloe plant is necessary when it becomes root-bound or outgrows its container. The best time for repotting is during the plant’s active growing season, typically spring or summer. When selecting a new pot, choose one that is only one or two sizes larger than the current one. Opting for a pot that is too large can lead to excess soil retaining too much moisture, increasing the risk of root rot. Wider, more shallow pots can be preferable for aloes due to their spreading root systems.
Repotting a large aloe involves carefully removing the plant from its old pot, taking care not to damage the leaves or roots. Water the plant a few days before repotting to minimize transplant shock. After placing the plant in the new container with fresh, well-draining soil, backfill around the roots and gently tamp down the soil. For top-heavy plants, a heavier pot material like terra cotta can provide better stability. If the plant still leans or becomes unstable, providing structural support with stakes can help maintain its upright posture.
Troubleshooting Common Issues in Big Aloe Plants
Large aloe plants can experience issues, sometimes exacerbated by their size. Overwatering is a common problem, leading to soft, mushy, or yellowing leaves and root rot, which can cause the plant to collapse. To address this, allow the soil to dry completely between waterings and ensure adequate drainage. If root rot is suspected, the plant may need to be repotted with fresh, drier soil, and any rotted roots should be trimmed away.
Another issue is insufficient light, which can cause leaves to stretch out and become weak, a condition known as etiolation. Moving the plant to a brighter location with indirect sunlight will encourage new, more compact growth. Conversely, too much direct sun can cause leaves to turn brown or reddish.
Large aloes can also become top-heavy, leading to leaves breaking or the entire plant leaning or toppling over, especially if the pot is too small or light. Repotting into a heavier, more appropriately sized pot or providing physical support can mitigate this.
Pests such as mealybugs and scale insects can infest large, dense aloe plants, often appearing on the leaves. Regular inspection and treatment with appropriate horticultural sprays can help manage these infestations.
Harvesting and Using Gel from a Mature Aloe
A mature aloe plant provides gel for various uses. To harvest, select a mature outer leaf from the base of the plant. Using a sharp, clean knife or shears, cut the leaf as close to the stem as possible. After cutting, hold the leaf upright with the cut end down for about 10-15 minutes to allow the yellowish sap, known as aloin, to drain out. This bitter, laxative compound should be discarded before using the gel.
Once the aloin has drained, rinse the leaf and carefully remove the green skin using a sharp knife to expose the clear, translucent gel inside. The gel can then be scooped out with a spoon. Fresh aloe gel can be stored in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 7-10 days, or it can be frozen in ice cube trays for longer preservation. Aloe vera gel is used topically for soothing sunburns, skin irritations, and minor cuts. It is also incorporated into various cosmetic and skincare products.