Coral trees (Erythrina genus) are striking ornamental plants known for their vibrant, fiery flowers. They produce distinctive seeds, which can be propagated to grow new plants. This guide covers coral tree seed identification, safe handling, germination, and initial seedling care.
Identifying Coral Tree Seeds
Coral tree seeds have a hard, glossy outer coating. While appearance varies among Erythrina species, many are bright red, resembling small, polished beads or corals, which gives the tree its common name. Some varieties may be brown or mottled red and black. The seeds are encased within elongated, often dark brown, seed pods that develop after flowering. These pods often have slight constrictions between each seed.
Understanding Coral Tree Seed Toxicity
Coral tree seeds, bark, and leaves contain potent alkaloids like erythrin, which are toxic if ingested. Ingestion can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, weakness, difficulty breathing, or loss of consciousness. Some Erythrina alkaloids can even cause a curare-like paralyzing effect. Handle coral tree seeds with care and keep them out of reach of children and pets. Immediate medical attention is necessary if accidental ingestion occurs.
Collecting and Storing Coral Tree Seeds
Collect coral tree seeds when their pods mature, turning dry, brown, and beginning to split open. Gently remove the seeds from these pods. After collection, clean and thoroughly dry the seeds to prevent mold and maintain viability. For long-term storage, place dried seeds in an airtight container or paper bag. A cool, dry, dark location, like a refrigerator, can preserve seed viability for several years.
Preparing Coral Tree Seeds for Germination
Coral tree seeds have a hard outer coat that hinders water absorption and delays germination. Pre-treatment is necessary to overcome this. Scarification, which physically breaks or weakens the seed coat, is recommended. This can be done by gently nicking the seed coat with a knife, abrading it with sandpaper, or using a file. After scarification, soak seeds in warm water for 24 to 48 hours; healthy, viable seeds will swell, indicating readiness for planting.
Planting and Nurturing Coral Tree Seedlings
For successful growth, plant scarified and swollen coral tree seeds in a well-draining seed-starting mix. A suitable mix includes peat moss, perlite, and sand to ensure good drainage. Plant seeds approximately 1/2 to 1 inch deep. Ideal germination conditions include consistent moisture and warmth, with temperatures around 70-85°F (21-29°C). Germination typically occurs within 1 to 4 weeks, though some species may take longer.
Once seedlings emerge, provide them with bright, indirect light. Water regularly to keep the soil consistently moist, but avoid overwatering to prevent root issues. When seedlings develop a few sets of true leaves and are sturdy, carefully transplant them to larger pots or their final outdoor location. Choose a sunny spot with well-draining soil for transplanting, ensuring the top of the root ball is level with the surrounding ground.