Insulin is a naturally occurring hormone produced by the pancreas, playing a central role in converting food into energy and managing blood sugar levels. For individuals with diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot utilize it effectively, leading to elevated blood sugar. Administering insulin precisely through injections is a life-saving therapy that helps maintain stable blood glucose and prevents complications. Correct injection technique is important for the medication’s effectiveness.
Preparing for the Shot
Before administering an insulin injection, gather all necessary supplies: your insulin pen or syringe, a new needle, alcohol swabs, and a designated sharps container. Always ensure the insulin has not expired and is at room temperature for a more comfortable injection. If the insulin is cloudy, such as intermediate-acting insulin, gently roll the pen or vial between your hands for about a minute to mix it; clear insulin does not require this step.
Next, attach a new, sterile needle to your insulin pen, or if using a syringe, remove the caps carefully without touching the needle. If using an insulin pen, prime it by dialing up 2 units and pressing the injection button while pointing the needle upwards until a drop of insulin appears. This step removes air from the needle. When preparing the injection site, choose a clean, dry area and wipe it with an alcohol swab, allowing it to air dry before injecting.
Administering the Injection
Hold the insulin pen or syringe firmly with your thumb positioned to press the plunger or injection button. Gently pinch a 1- to 2-inch fold of skin at the chosen injection site, particularly if using longer needles or if you have less subcutaneous fat, though smaller needles (4mm) may not require a pinch. Insert the needle quickly and straight into the skin at a 90-degree angle, ensuring it goes all the way into the subcutaneous tissue.
After inserting the needle, push the plunger or press the injection button slowly and steadily until all the insulin has been delivered. Keep the needle in place for about 5 to 10 seconds after injecting to ensure the full dose enters the body. This waiting period allows the insulin to disperse into the subcutaneous fat layer. Remove the needle straight out at the same angle it was inserted.
After the Shot
After the injection, focus on proper disposal and post-injection care. Place the used needle and syringe or pen needle directly into a designated sharps container. These containers are rigid, puncture-resistant, preventing accidental needlestick injuries. Never recap or bend used needles.
It is generally recommended not to rub the injection site after removing the needle, as this could interfere with insulin absorption or cause bruising. You might observe a drop of blood or slight bruising at the site, which is typically not a concern. If a small drop of insulin appears at the injection site, lightly press the area with a finger or tissue without rubbing.
Important Considerations for Safe Injection
Consistent rotation of injection sites is important to prevent lipohypertrophy, a condition where fatty tissue builds up under the skin due to repeated injections in the same area. Injecting into these hardened areas can lead to unpredictable insulin absorption and affect blood sugar control. A systematic rotation scheme can help mitigate this risk.
Proper storage of insulin is important for its effectiveness. Unopened insulin should be stored in a refrigerator between 36°F and 46°F (2°C and 8°C) until its expiration date, avoiding freezing. Once opened, most insulin vials or pens can be kept at room temperature, generally between 59°F and 86°F (15°C and 30°C), for up to 28 days, though specific manufacturer guidelines should always be followed. Insulin should be protected from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures, as heat or freezing can degrade its potency.
While insulin injections are safe, be aware of potential issues. Minor side effects like redness, swelling, or itching at the injection site can occur. More serious concerns include persistent pain, significant bruising, or signs of infection like warmth or spreading redness. If you experience these reactions, contact a healthcare professional.