Sunburn is a form of skin inflammation resulting from overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, whether from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. This radiation damages skin cells, prompting an immune response that leads to redness, warmth, and pain. While the immediate discomfort is temporary, the underlying skin damage can have lasting effects. This article provides practical steps to alleviate the heat and discomfort associated with sunburn.
Immediate Cooling Methods
Direct physical cooling can reduce the burning sensation and inflammation of sunburned skin. Taking a cool, rather than cold, bath or shower helps to lower skin temperature and reduce inflammation. Keeping these sessions brief, around 10 minutes, is advisable to avoid excessively drying out the skin.
Applying cool compresses, such as a damp cloth, to affected areas offers similar relief by drawing heat away from the skin. It is important to avoid applying ice directly to sunburned skin, as this can potentially cause further damage. When drying the skin after cooling, gently pat it rather than rubbing to prevent further irritation.
Topical Remedies
Applying topical treatments can soothe sunburned skin, helping to reduce heat and provide moisture. Pure aloe vera gel is widely used for its cooling and moisturizing properties. For enhanced relief, storing aloe vera gel in the refrigerator before application can intensify its soothing effect.
Low-strength (0.5-1%) over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream can be applied to sore areas to help reduce redness and swelling. This corticosteroid works by inhibiting inflammatory substances in the skin. Additionally, gentle, fragrance-free moisturizers help to lock in moisture and prevent peeling. Products containing lidocaine or benzocaine should be avoided, as they can irritate the skin or cause allergic reactions, and petroleum-based ointments can trap heat, potentially worsening the burn.
Systemic Support
Supporting the body internally is important for managing sunburn discomfort and promoting healing. Sunburn can lead to fluid loss as the body diverts fluids to the skin’s surface, increasing the risk of dehydration. Drinking plenty of water helps to replenish lost fluids and maintain overall hydration, crucial for recovery.
Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or aspirin can reduce pain and inflammation associated with sunburn. These medications work systemically by targeting the body’s inflammatory response, triggered by UV radiation damage to skin cells. Taking them at the first sign of sunburn can help manage discomfort effectively.
When to Consult a Doctor
While most sunburns can be managed at home, certain symptoms indicate a need for medical attention. Seek medical care if you develop severe blistering, especially if it covers a large area of the body, or if blisters appear on sensitive areas like the face, hands, or genitals. Blisters signify a second-degree burn, carrying a higher risk of infection.
Consult a doctor for signs of infection, such as pus, increasing pain, or red streaks leading away from the blisters. Systemic symptoms like a high fever (over 102°F or 39°C), chills, severe pain, headache, confusion, or persistent nausea and vomiting warrant medical evaluation. These symptoms can indicate sun poisoning, severe dehydration, or other serious heat-related illnesses.