Pepper spray is a non-lethal aerosol containing oleoresin capsicum (OC), a natural oil derived from chili peppers. Capsaicin, its active irritant, causes temporary discomfort by irritating mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs. It is not a toxic gas.
Prioritizing Safety After Airborne Exposure
When pepper spray is released in the air, immediately remove all individuals from the affected area. Move to fresh air outdoors to alleviate irritant effects on the respiratory system and eyes. Avoid rubbing eyes or skin, as this spreads the oily capsaicin and intensifies the burning sensation.
Protecting vulnerable individuals, such as children, the elderly, or those with pre-existing respiratory conditions like asthma, is important, as they may experience more severe reactions. Direct them to a safe, uncontaminated space immediately to prevent prolonged discomfort or serious health complications. Remaining calm and guiding others out of the area contributes to a safer evacuation.
Clearing the Air Indoors
Clearing airborne pepper spray indoors requires focused ventilation. Begin by opening all windows and doors to create cross-ventilation, allowing fresh air to enter and contaminated air to escape. This dilutes the concentration of airborne capsaicinoids.
Strategically place fans to direct air out of the space, rather than simply circulating it within the room. Position fans near open windows or doors, facing outwards, to push contaminated air outside. Moving air around the room can prolong exposure by keeping the irritant suspended.
Air purifiers equipped with both HEPA and activated carbon filters can assist in clearing the air. HEPA filters capture fine airborne particles, including those from pepper spray. Activated carbon filters adsorb gases, odors, and chemical vapors. This dual filtration removes both the physical irritant and any lingering smells.
Decontaminating Contaminated Surfaces
After ventilating the air, clean surfaces where pepper spray residue may have settled. Wear protective gear, including gloves, eye protection, and a mask, to prevent re-exposure during cleanup. Capsaicin is an oily substance that adheres to various materials.
A mixture of dish soap and cool water is effective for cleaning hard surfaces like floors, walls, and countertops, as soap helps break down the oily residue. A solution of white vinegar and water can also tackle the oily components of the spray. Wipe down all hard surfaces thoroughly, working from top to bottom, then rinse with clean water to remove any remaining irritant.
For fabrics and soft furnishings that cannot be laundered, vacuuming with a HEPA-filter vacuum can help remove settled particles. Launder any contaminated clothing or washable fabrics separately in cold water with heavy-duty detergent to prevent cross-contamination. Multiple washes may be necessary for complete removal.
Personal Care After Exposure
For direct exposure to airborne pepper spray, immediate personal decontamination is important. If eyes are affected, flush them continuously with cool water or saline solution for at least 15 minutes, blinking frequently to wash out the irritant. Avoid rubbing eyes, as this worsens irritation and can cause corneal abrasions.
Wash skin thoroughly with soap, preferably dish soap, and cool water. Dish soap helps break down oily capsaicin. Use cool water, as hot water can open pores and intensify the burning sensation by increasing absorption.
Remove contaminated clothing carefully and wash separately from other laundry using cold water and detergent. If heavily contaminated, consider cutting off clothing instead of pulling it over your head. Air drying clothes outside after washing helps dissipate any remaining residue.
When to Seek Professional Help
While most pepper spray effects are temporary, certain symptoms warrant medical evaluation. Seek medical attention if severe respiratory distress, such as wheezing, difficulty breathing, or chest pain, persists or worsens. Persistent eye pain, significant redness, or vision changes after flushing also indicate a need for medical assessment.
Allergic reactions, characterized by symptoms like swollen lips, hives, or skin blistering, require medical intervention. Persistent pain, swelling, or irritation on the skin that does not subside after cleaning also suggests a need for medical advice. Individuals with pre-existing conditions like asthma or heart issues are at higher risk for severe reactions.
For large-scale deployments or sensitive environments, professional biohazard cleanup services may be necessary. These specialists possess the equipment and expertise to remove lingering chemical residues from all surfaces, including HVAC systems and porous materials. Professional cleanup ensures the space is thoroughly decontaminated and safe for re-occupancy.