Warts are common skin growths resulting from infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV). These benign growths frequently appear on areas like the knee, presenting as small, grainy bumps with a rough texture. While typically harmless, warts on weight-bearing or frequently irritated areas can become bothersome or even painful. Understanding the various approaches to wart removal can help individuals address these skin concerns effectively.
At-Home Wart Removal Methods
Over-the-counter treatments offer accessible options for wart removal, with salicylic acid being a widely used choice. This acid works by gradually peeling away layers of the wart. Available in various forms such as pads, gels, or liquids, salicylic acid products require consistent daily application, often for several weeks or up to 12 weeks, to achieve results. It is important to soak the wart in warm water and gently file its surface before applying the product, taking care to avoid contact with surrounding healthy skin.
Another home-based approach is duct tape occlusion, which involves covering the wart with duct tape for an extended period. The tape creates a moist environment and may stimulate an immune response against the wart. For this method, a piece of duct tape should be cut to fit the wart, applied for several days, then removed, and the wart soaked and filed before reapplication. Over-the-counter freezing kits, utilizing a less potent cryotherapy, function by freezing the wart tissue to destroy it, aiming for the wart to fall off after treatment. Patience is important, as these treatments can take time to show results. Avoid picking or cutting the wart.
Professional Medical Treatments
When home remedies prove insufficient or for more persistent warts, healthcare professionals offer a range of specialized treatments. Cryotherapy, performed in a clinical setting, involves applying liquid nitrogen to rapidly freeze the wart. This extreme cold creates a blister underneath the wart, causing the tissue to die and slough off, often requiring multiple sessions. Another topical treatment is cantharidin, sometimes called “beetle juice,” which a professional applies to create a blister beneath the wart, lifting it from the skin. The blister typically forms within 24-48 hours, helping eradicate the wart by disrupting cellular connections and blood supply.
For stubborn warts, minor surgical procedures like excision (cutting out) or curettage (scraping away) are available. These procedures may be combined and are typically performed after administering a local anesthetic. Laser treatment targets and destroys wart tissue or its blood supply, particularly for resistant warts. Immunotherapy stimulates the body’s immune system to fight the HPV virus. This includes topical creams like imiquimod or intralesional injections of antigens.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While many warts can be managed at home, certain situations warrant professional medical evaluation. It is advisable to consult a doctor if a wart is painful, bleeding, or shows changes in appearance, such as color, size, or texture. Warts that do not respond to consistent home treatments after several weeks or months also suggest the need for professional intervention. Similarly, if warts are numerous, rapidly spreading, or located in sensitive areas, medical attention is recommended.
Individuals with weakened immune systems or conditions like diabetes should seek professional care for warts, as they may be at higher risk for complications or slower healing. If there is any uncertainty about whether a growth is a wart or something more serious, a medical professional can provide an accurate diagnosis. Early consultation can help ensure appropriate and effective treatment, preventing potential complications.
Caring for the Skin After Wart Removal
Proper care after wart removal promotes healing and helps prevent recurrence or spread. Keeping the skin clean and, if necessary, covered with a bandage protects the wound as it heals. Moisturizing the skin can aid in its recovery and maintain its barrier function.
Preventing wart spread is important, as HPV is contagious. Avoid picking at the treated area or any other warts, and wash hands thoroughly after touching them. Avoid sharing personal items such as towels, razors, or nail clippers. Wearing footwear in public spaces like swimming pools or locker rooms can also reduce the risk of spreading the virus. Monitor the skin for any signs of recurrence or new warts to address them promptly.