Staphylococcus aureus, often simply called “staph,” is a type of bacteria commonly found on human skin and within the nose. Many people carry these bacteria without experiencing any illness, as they typically coexist harmlessly. Between 20% and 80% of individuals may carry S. aureus in their nasal passages at any given time. While usually benign, these bacteria can cause an infection if the nasal lining becomes damaged, allowing them to enter and multiply. Such infections are a common concern due to their potential to cause discomfort and, in some cases, lead to more widespread issues.
Recognizing Signs
A nasal staph infection can manifest with various signs. Individuals might notice redness and swelling around the nostrils or inside the nasal cavity, along with tenderness or pain which can range from mild irritation to a more pronounced ache. Crusting around the nostrils, sometimes with light bleeding, can develop. Sores that may ooze pus or fluid, similar to impetigo-like lesions, can appear around the nasal opening, and deeper infections might cause boils or pus-filled bumps inside the nostrils. These indicators can sometimes be confused with other nasal issues, making professional medical evaluation important.
Seeking Professional Help
Consulting a healthcare professional is recommended for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of a nasal staph infection. A doctor typically performs a physical examination and inquires about specific symptoms. To confirm Staphylococcus aureus and determine treatment, a nasal swab may be collected for culture and testing in a laboratory. This helps identify the specific strain, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which requires particular attention.
Treatment for nasal staph infections often involves prescription antibiotics. Topical antibiotic ointments, such as mupirocin, are often prescribed for direct application inside the nostrils. Mupirocin prevents bacterial growth and is effective against Staphylococcus aureus strains, including some resistant to other antibiotics. For more extensive or persistent infections, oral antibiotics may be necessary to clear the bacteria from the body. Complete the entire course of prescribed medication, even if symptoms improve, to ensure all bacteria are eradicated and prevent antibiotic resistance and recurrent infections.
Managing at Home
While professional medical treatment is needed, supportive home care and hygiene practices can assist in managing a nasal staph infection. Diligent hand washing with soap and water is an important practice, especially after touching the nose or infected areas, prevents bacterial spread. Avoid nose picking, as this can irritate the nasal lining and spread infection. Keeping the nasal area clean and dry supports healing.
Applying a clean, warm, damp cloth to the affected area can provide some relief from discomfort, such as soreness or crusting. This is a comfort measure and does not eliminate the infection itself. Wash the cloth thoroughly after each use to avoid spreading bacteria. Do not self-treat with unproven home remedies or prematurely stop prescribed medication, as this can hinder recovery and lead to complications or antibiotic resistance. Home care practices should complement, not replace, medical intervention.
Preventing Future Infections
Consistent personal hygiene can reduce the risk of future nasal staph infections. Regular hand washing with soap and water, particularly after sneezing, blowing the nose, or touching shared surfaces, helps remove bacteria that could be transferred to the nasal area. Avoid sharing personal items such as towels, washcloths, razors, or nasal hair trimmers, as these can harbor and transmit Staphylococcus aureus. Maintaining environmental cleanliness is helpful; regularly cleaning and disinfecting high-touch surfaces can reduce the presence of bacteria. Covering any cuts or scrapes, especially near the face, ensures that bacteria do not easily enter the skin, and managing underlying skin conditions can also reduce susceptibility.