A red spot on the eye can appear alarming, but it is usually harmless. While the sudden appearance of a bright red patch can cause concern, it often indicates a minor issue that resolves without intervention. Understanding these spots helps to alleviate worry and guides appropriate action.
Understanding a Red Spot on the Eye
A red spot on the eye is medically termed a subconjunctival hemorrhage. This condition involves bleeding from a small blood vessel beneath the conjunctiva, the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye. The conjunctiva contains tiny blood vessels that can break easily, leading to blood leakage. The blood becomes trapped between the conjunctiva and the underlying sclera, creating a bright red patch. A subconjunctival hemorrhage causes no pain, swelling, or vision changes. Some individuals might experience a mild scratchy sensation, but it does not usually lead to discharge.
What Causes These Spots
Subconjunctival hemorrhages often arise from activities that temporarily increase pressure in the head and chest. These include coughing, sneezing, vomiting, or straining during bowel movements. Heavy lifting or bending forward can also contribute to a rise in blood pressure. Minor eye trauma, such as rubbing the eyes too harshly, can also cause a broken blood vessel. Certain medical conditions and medications can increase susceptibility. High blood pressure, diabetes, and blood-thinning medications like aspirin or warfarin are risk factors. Sometimes, a red spot may appear without any identifiable cause.
When to See a Doctor
While most red spots are harmless, certain accompanying symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. Seek medical care if the red spot is associated with pain, vision changes, or discharge from the eye. A history of significant eye trauma or an injury to the head also requires professional evaluation. Recurrent subconjunctival hemorrhages, or a very large and spreading spot, especially while taking blood-thinning medications, warrant a doctor’s visit. If the red spot does not clear within two to three weeks, or if you have a known bleeding disorder, consult a healthcare provider. These signs could point to a more serious underlying issue.
Managing a Red Spot at Home
A subconjunctival hemorrhage resolves without specific medical treatment. The body naturally reabsorbs the blood, similar to how a bruise fades. This healing process takes one to two weeks, though larger spots might persist longer. As the blood clears, the red patch may change color, becoming yellowish before disappearing. To alleviate mild irritation or scratchiness, over-the-counter artificial tears can be used. Avoid rubbing the affected eye to prevent further irritation.
Preventing Red Spots
Reducing the likelihood of future red spots involves adopting eye care practices and managing underlying health conditions. Avoiding vigorous eye rubbing is effective, as excessive friction can rupture delicate blood vessels. If eye irritation causes the urge to rub, artificial tears can help soothe the eyes. Managing conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can decrease the risk of recurrent hemorrhages. Individuals taking blood-thinning medications should discuss eye health concerns with their doctor. Being mindful of straining during activities like coughing or lifting heavy objects can prevent sudden pressure spikes.