Phentermine is a prescription medication used for short-term weight management, acting as an appetite suppressant. This article details phentermine’s mechanism of action, prescription criteria, and steps to obtain it. It also covers important medical considerations for its use.
What Phentermine Is and How It Works
Phentermine is a short-term aid for weight loss, intended for use with a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity. It is prescribed for individuals with obesity. This medication has been available by prescription since 1959.
Its primary mechanism involves stimulating the central nervous system, which leads to appetite suppression. Phentermine achieves this by prompting the release of neurotransmitters like norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in the brain. This helps reduce hunger sensations and can help individuals feel fuller for longer periods.
Who Qualifies for a Phentermine Prescription
Phentermine is generally prescribed for adults who meet specific medical criteria related to their body mass index (BMI). Typically, individuals qualify if they have a BMI of 30 kg/m² or greater.
The medication may also be considered for those with a BMI of 27 kg/m² or greater when they have at least one weight-related co-morbidity. These co-morbidities often include conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or type 2 diabetes. A healthcare provider’s comprehensive assessment is always necessary to determine suitability.
Steps to Obtain a Phentermine Prescription
Obtaining a phentermine prescription begins with a consultation with a healthcare provider, such as a primary care physician or a bariatric specialist. During this initial appointment, patients should discuss their weight loss goals, current lifestyle habits, and a detailed medical history. It is important to be open about all existing health conditions and any medications currently being taken.
The healthcare provider will conduct a thorough medical evaluation, which may include a physical examination and laboratory tests. These tests could involve blood work and potentially an electrocardiogram (EKG) to assess heart health. This evaluation helps determine if phentermine is safe and appropriate, identifying any potential contraindications or risks.
If phentermine is deemed suitable, the physician will issue a prescription, providing instructions on dosage and usage. Regular follow-up appointments are a necessary part of the treatment plan to monitor progress, assess for any potential effects, and adjust the regimen as needed.
Key Medical Considerations for Phentermine Use
Healthcare providers carefully assess several medical factors before prescribing phentermine due to potential risks and interactions. Phentermine is contraindicated in individuals with a history of heart disease, including coronary artery disease, irregular heartbeats, or uncontrolled high blood pressure. Other contraindications include hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, pulmonary hypertension, and a history of drug abuse. It is also not suitable for pregnant or breastfeeding women.
Common effects associated with phentermine include increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, insomnia, nervousness, and dry mouth. More serious, though rare, effects like pulmonary hypertension and heart valve problems have been reported. Patients should report any concerning symptoms, such as chest pain or shortness of breath, to their doctor immediately.
Phentermine is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance due to its potential for dependence and misuse. This means its use is regulated, and it is typically prescribed for short durations, often up to 12 weeks. The medication is not a standalone solution for weight loss; it must be combined with a comprehensive plan involving dietary changes, increased physical activity, and behavioral modifications.