A mammogram is a specialized X-ray of the breast designed to detect changes in breast tissue that might indicate cancer, often before any symptoms appear or a lump can be felt. This imaging technique uses a low dose of radiation to produce detailed pictures, aiding in the early identification of potential concerns. Early detection of breast cancer through routine mammograms is widely recognized for improving treatment outcomes and survival rates.
Finding a Mammogram Facility in NYC
New York City offers various mammogram facilities, from large hospital systems to dedicated imaging centers. These provide both screening and diagnostic mammograms.
To find a facility, use online search engines, consult your primary care physician for referrals, or check your health insurance provider’s directory.
All U.S. mammography facilities must be accredited under the Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA), with the American College of Radiology (ACR) being a key accrediting body. Choosing an ACR-accredited facility or a Breast Imaging Center of Excellence ensures high standards in imaging and patient care. Patient reviews can also offer insights into the facility’s environment and staff demeanor, helping you make an informed decision.
Preparing for and Undergoing a Mammogram
On the day of your appointment, avoid applying deodorant, antiperspirant, powders, lotions, creams, or perfumes under your arms or on your breasts. Ingredients in these products can appear as white spots on the X-ray, potentially leading to inaccurate readings or repeat images.
Wear comfortable, two-piece clothing, as you will need to remove clothing from the waist up and wear a gown. If you have previous mammogram images from another facility, bring them or ensure they are sent to your new facility for comparison.
The mammogram procedure typically takes about 15 to 30 minutes. During the scan, your breast is positioned between two plates and gently compressed to flatten the tissue. This helps spread out dense tissue, reduces motion artifacts, and allows for clearer visualization of abnormalities while minimizing radiation exposure. You may experience some pressure or discomfort during compression, but it is temporary. The technologist will guide you through the process, taking images from different angles for each breast.
Understanding Mammogram Results and Follow-Up
Mammogram results are typically communicated within a few days to over a week. A radiologist, a doctor specializing in medical imaging, interprets the images and assigns a Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) score, a standardized classification system for breast imaging findings. This score ranges from 0 to 6, indicating the likelihood of malignancy.
A BI-RADS 0 means results are incomplete, and additional imaging, such as a diagnostic mammogram, ultrasound, or MRI, is needed for a clearer assessment. A score of 1 indicates a negative result with no abnormalities, while a 2 signifies benign (non-cancerous) findings, with routine screenings recommended.
A BI-RADS 3 suggests a finding is probably benign, usually warranting a follow-up mammogram in six months to monitor for changes. Scores of 4 or 5 indicate suspicious abnormalities, typically prompting a biopsy for definitive diagnosis. If a biopsy confirms cancer, a BI-RADS 6 is assigned. Following recommendations for additional imaging or biopsy without delay is important, as early action can significantly impact outcomes.
Cost, Insurance, and NYC Resources
Mammogram costs in New York City can vary, but many insurance plans cover screening mammograms without a co-pay. Under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), most private health insurance plans and Medicare Part B are required to cover screening mammograms as a preventive service, often with no out-of-pocket costs for individuals over 40. This generally applies to routine screening mammograms; diagnostic mammograms, performed due to symptoms or abnormal screening results, may be subject to normal co-pays or deductibles.
For those who are uninsured or underinsured, New York City offers several resources for affordable or free mammograms. NYC Health + Hospitals facilities and neighborhood health centers provide free or low-cost breast cancer screenings, including mammograms and ultrasounds, for eligible individuals regardless of immigration status or ability to pay.
The New York State Cancer Services Program (CSP) also offers free breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screenings and diagnostic services to eligible New Yorkers who lack health insurance or have high cost-sharing plans. You can call 311 or the New York State Cancer Services Program at 1-866-442-CANCER (2262) to find participating clinics, health centers, or hospitals. Additionally, non-profit organizations and community health centers often have programs to assist with screening costs. It is always advisable to contact your insurance provider beforehand to understand your specific coverage and any potential out-of-pocket expenses.