A Jackson-Pratt (JP) drain is a medical device often used after surgical procedures to help remove excess fluid that can accumulate in the body. This drain works by gently drawing out blood and other bodily fluids, like lymphatic fluid, from the surgical site to a collection bulb outside the body. The primary purpose of a JP drain is to promote healing, decrease swelling, and reduce the risk of infection by preventing fluid buildup. Learning how to properly care for and drain this device at home is an important step in your recovery process.
Preparing for Jackson-Pratt Drain Care
Before beginning the drainage process, it is important to prepare your environment and gather the necessary items. Start by thoroughly washing your hands with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds, or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. This prevents introducing bacteria to the drain site. Assemble all necessary supplies: a measuring cup with milliliter (mL) markings, a pen and paper or drainage log, and clean gloves if recommended. Alcohol wipes or an antiseptic solution may also be needed.
Ensure your workspace is clean, well-lit, and provides sufficient space to comfortably manage the drain. A bathroom counter or a clean table can serve this purpose. Having everything organized beforehand helps to maintain a sterile environment and streamlines the drainage procedure. Always follow specific instructions from your healthcare team, as they may have tailored recommendations.
Step-by-Step Jackson-Pratt Drain Drainage
Draining a Jackson-Pratt bulb requires a systematic approach. First, position yourself to comfortably access the drain without pulling on the tubing or insertion site. If secured to clothing, carefully unpin the bulb.
Next, locate the drain plug, typically on top of the collection bulb, and carefully remove it. This releases suction, causing the bulb to expand. Once open, invert the bulb over your measuring cup and gently squeeze to empty the fluid.
After emptying, firmly compress the bulb completely flat to expel air. While maintaining compression, securely replace the plug. The bulb should remain flat and compressed, indicating re-established suction.
If instructed to “milk” or “strip” the tubing, do this before opening the plug to clear clots. This involves pinching the tubing close to the skin and sliding your fingers down towards the bulb to move fluid and clots.
Measuring and Recording Drainage Output
After draining the JP bulb, accurately measure the collected fluid. Use the marked measuring cup to determine the exact volume of the fluid in milliliters (mL). Observe and record the fluid’s color and consistency; initially dark red, it gradually becomes pink, light yellow, or clear as healing progresses. Note any unusual changes, such as a milky or foul-smelling appearance.
Immediately after measuring, record the date, time, volume, and characteristics on a dedicated log or chart. If you have multiple drains, record each output separately. This record-keeping provides your healthcare team with valuable information about your healing progress. Finally, dispose of the fluid by flushing it down the toilet and rinse the measuring cup.
When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider
Monitor your Jackson-Pratt drain and the surrounding area for any concerning changes. Contact your healthcare provider if you notice signs of infection at the drain site, such as increased redness, swelling, warmth, or tenderness. Pus or foul-smelling drainage also warrants immediate attention.
Other signs to report include a fever of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) or higher, or chills, which could indicate a systemic infection. Report a sudden, significant increase or decrease in drainage volume, or a notable change in fluid color, such as it becoming bright red or cloudy. Contact your provider if the drain accidentally comes out or becomes dislodged, or if the tubing appears clogged or kinked, preventing fluid flow. Any new or increasing pain around the drain site or other concerns about your drain care should prompt a call to your healthcare team.