Diarrhea involves passing loose, watery stools three or more times a day. It is a frequent condition that usually resolves on its own within a few days. While often mild, diarrhea can sometimes signal a more serious underlying issue.
Hydration and Electrolyte Balance
Diarrhea causes the body to lose significant amounts of fluid and electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium. Replacing these lost substances is essential to prevent dehydration. Dehydration can lead to serious complications, particularly in children and older adults.
While water is a good choice for rehydration, clear broths or oral rehydration solutions (ORS) are more effective for replenishment. ORS contain a balanced mix of water, sugar, and salts to restore fluid and electrolyte levels. These solutions are especially beneficial for infants and children experiencing diarrhea.
Certain drinks can worsen diarrhea symptoms and should be avoided. These include sugary beverages, highly acidic juices, and caffeinated drinks (like coffee and some teas), as they can overstimulate the digestive system or act as diuretics. Alcohol should also be avoided as it contributes to dehydration and irritates the digestive tract.
Foods and Drinks for Recovery
Focusing on bland, easy-to-digest foods can help soothe the digestive system and promote quicker recovery. The BRAT diet (bananas, white rice, applesauce, and toast) is often suggested because these low-fiber foods have binding properties that help firm up stool. Bananas also provide potassium, an electrolyte often lost.
Other options include plain crackers, boiled potatoes, cooked cereals (like oatmeal), and lean proteins (such as baked chicken without the skin). These foods are gentle on the stomach and provide nutrients without exacerbating symptoms. Salty foods like pretzels or chicken noodle soup can help replace sodium.
Foods and drinks to avoid include fatty, greasy, or spicy items, which can irritate the digestive tract. Dairy products may also worsen symptoms, even for those not typically lactose intolerant, as temporary sensitivity can occur. High-fiber foods, raw vegetables, and fruits like citrus or seeded berries should also be limited initially.
Knowing When to Seek Professional Help
While many cases of diarrhea can be managed at home, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. Signs of severe dehydration, such as excessive thirst, dry mouth, decreased urination, dizziness, or lightheadedness, indicate a need for evaluation. In children, concerning signs include no tears when crying, sunken eyes, or unusual sleepiness.
Seek medical help if diarrhea lasts more than two days in adults or 24 hours in children, if there is a high fever (above 102°F or 39°C), severe abdominal pain, or blood or black, tarry stools. These symptoms could point to a more serious infection or underlying condition. Infants, the elderly, or individuals with compromised immune systems require prompt medical consultation if they develop diarrhea.