Ear wax buildup is common, but managing it with ear tubes (tympanostomy tubes) requires careful attention. This prevents dislodging the tubes or causing complications. Understanding safe cleaning practices protects the ear’s delicate structures and maintains tube function. This guide focuses on ear wax management when tubes are present, emphasizing methods that prioritize ear health.
What Ear Tubes Are and Why Wax Builds Up
Ear tubes are small, hollow cylinders, often made of plastic or metal, surgically inserted into the eardrum. They are also known as tympanostomy, ventilation, myringotomy, or pressure equalization tubes. Their primary purpose is to allow air into the middle ear, prevent fluid buildup, and equalize pressure, helping reduce recurrent ear infections or address fluid behind the eardrum that causes hearing issues. This procedure is common in children with frequent ear infections due to their narrower Eustachian tubes.
The presence of ear tubes can alter the natural process of ear wax migration. Normally, ear wax gradually moves out of the ear canal on its own. With tubes, this natural self-cleaning mechanism might be less effective, potentially leading to more noticeable or problematic wax accumulation. While ear wax is a natural and protective substance, its management requires caution when tubes are present.
Cleaning Methods to Avoid
Certain common ear cleaning methods are not suitable and can be dangerous when ear tubes are present, risking damage or infection.
Using cotton swabs is generally discouraged. They tend to push ear wax deeper into the ear canal, potentially leading to impaction or blocking the ear tube. This action can also scratch the delicate skin of the ear canal, creating pathways for bacteria and increasing the risk of infection.
Ear candling should be strictly avoided. There is no scientific evidence to support its effectiveness. Ear candling poses significant risks, including burns to the ear canal or eardrum, perforations, or even causing an obstruction within the ear. These risks are heightened when ear tubes are present, as they provide a direct pathway to the middle ear.
Forceful syringe irrigation, particularly without professional guidance, is not recommended for individuals with ear tubes. Improper technique can dislodge or damage the tubes. Introducing water or bacteria into the middle ear through the tubes can also lead to infections. Home irrigation with a bulb syringe should only be considered if explicitly advised by a medical professional and performed with extreme caution.
Safe Ways to Clean Ear Wax at Home
When ear tubes are present, home ear wax cleaning must be gentle. Use a soft cloth to carefully wipe away any visible ear wax from the outer ear and the opening of the ear canal. Avoid inserting the cloth or any other object into the ear canal, as this could push wax deeper or injure the ear. The ear’s natural self-cleaning process is often sufficient for wax that is not causing issues.
Over-the-counter ear drops may be used with caution, but consult an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist or pediatrician before using any drops. Some ear drops, such as mineral oil, baby oil, saline solution, or diluted hydrogen peroxide, can help soften ear wax. However, hydrogen peroxide drops should generally be avoided if ear tubes are present unless specifically recommended by a doctor, as they may cause irritation or infection if they pass through the tube.
If ear drops are used, proper positioning is important to allow the solution to work effectively. Tilt the affected ear upward, and after applying the drops, maintain this position for several minutes to allow the solution to penetrate the wax. After the recommended time, tilt the head to the side to allow the softened wax and solution to drain out. Remember to never insert anything into the ear canal, even if it feels like wax remains.
When to Consult a Professional
Specific signs indicate when home cleaning methods are insufficient or professional medical attention is necessary. Consult a medical professional for persistent ear pain, discharge from the ear, or a fever. Sudden or worsening hearing loss, a feeling of fullness or pressure that does not resolve, or visible blockage of the tube also warrant professional evaluation. These symptoms could signal an infection or a problem with the ear tube itself.
If home remedies do not effectively clear the wax after a few days, or if symptoms worsen, seek professional help. An ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist, also known as an otolaryngologist, is the most appropriate medical professional for ear issues involving tubes. They use specialized instruments and expertise to safely examine the ear canal and remove ear wax without damaging the tubes. Professionals may use methods such as microsuction, which gently suctions the wax, or specialized instruments to manually remove it.
Preventing Future Wax Issues
Proactive measures can help minimize future ear wax accumulation and maintain overall ear health when tubes are present. Regular follow-up appointments with the ENT specialist are important, especially for individuals prone to wax buildup. These routine check-ups allow the doctor to monitor the ear tubes and address any wax accumulation early, preventing it from becoming problematic. The ENT can also ensure the tubes remain in place and are functioning correctly.
Avoid excessive or over-cleaning of the ears. The ear canal is largely self-cleaning, with wax naturally migrating outwards. Over-cleaning can disrupt this natural process and potentially stimulate increased wax production. Focusing on gentle hygiene for the outer ear, such as wiping with a soft cloth, is generally sufficient. Continued vigilance for any symptoms of wax buildup or potential tube problems allows for timely intervention.