Backyard exploration often leads to encounters with fascinating creatures, and the common toad is one such example. These amphibians are a common sight in many gardens. Understanding how to interact with toads respectfully and safely allows for enjoyable observation while protecting these animals. This guide covers how to approach, handle, and release toads.
About Toads
Toads are amphibians recognized by their dry, warty skin, distinguishing them from frogs. They move by walking or short jumps. Toads are primarily nocturnal, active at dusk to hunt. During the day, they prefer to hide in cool, damp places such as under logs, rocks, leaf litter, or in moist soil.
They aid in garden pest control, eating insects like slugs, snails, beetles, and worms. While generally harmless to humans, toads possess glands, particularly behind their eyes, that can secrete a milky substance known as bufotoxin. This acts as a defense mechanism and can cause irritation if it contacts mucous membranes like the eyes or mouth.
Finding and Preparing
Locating toads often involves knowing their preferred conditions and habits. Toads are most active during warm, humid evenings, especially after rain. They are often drawn to outdoor lights. During daylight hours, search for them in damp, shaded areas like under stones, logs, or dense foliage.
Approaching their habitat requires a gentle and observant approach. Minimal tools are necessary for observation; a flashlight can be useful for night searches. If temporary observation is desired, a shallow container can be prepared beforehand. It is important to avoid disturbing their natural environment by moving objects like large rocks or logs unnecessarily.
Safe Handling Methods
When approaching a toad, move slowly to avoid startling it. It is best to approach from the side or front so the toad can see you.
Before handling, moisten your hands with clean, dechlorinated water, as the oils and chemicals on human skin can be absorbed by a toad’s permeable skin and potentially cause irritation or illness. Disposable, powder-free vinyl gloves, moistened with water, are also an option to protect both the handler and the toad.
To pick up a toad, gently cup your hands around its body. Avoid squeezing its belly, as this can cause internal injury. Hold it gently in both hands to prevent jumping and injury. If a toad releases water, this is a natural defense mechanism, water from its bladder, not urine. After any contact with a toad, thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water, especially before touching your face, eyes, or mouth, due to the mild irritants some toads can secrete and the potential for bacteria like Salmonella.
Ethical Release and Temporary Care
After observing a toad, return it to its natural habitat promptly to minimize stress. Ideally, release the toad in the same location where it was found or a similar suitable spot nearby that offers dampness and cover. Prolonged captivity can be detrimental to their well-being and natural instincts.
If a very brief period of temporary observation is desired, ensure the toad is placed in a shallow, moist container with a hiding spot. This setup should be very short, as toads are not accustomed to confined spaces. They do not require food for short observation periods, but access to shallow, dechlorinated water for soaking is beneficial. A swift return to their environment reduces stress and supports their continued life.