The Kalanchoe plant (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) is a popular succulent cherished for its vibrant, long-lasting flowers in red, orange, yellow, pink, and white. Its thick, fleshy leaves complement these striking blooms. Kalanchoe is relatively easy to care for, appealing to plant enthusiasts seeking a low-maintenance yet colorful plant.
Kalanchoe Plant Care
Light Requirements
Kalanchoe plants thrive in bright, indirect sunlight to support healthy foliage and vibrant blooms. An ideal indoor placement is near a south or west-facing window, ensuring ample light without direct, intense sun that can scorch leaves. While Kalanchoe needs several hours of bright light daily, prolonged harsh direct sun can inhibit flowering. If natural light is insufficient, a grow light can supplement, providing around 8-10 hours of light daily.
Watering Practices
As a succulent, Kalanchoe stores water in its thick leaves, requiring less frequent watering than many other houseplants. Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings to prevent root rot. Check soil moisture by inserting a finger about an inch deep; if dry, it’s time to water. During warmer months, water every 1-2 weeks, reducing to every 3-4 weeks in winter.
Soil and Potting
Kalanchoe plants require well-draining soil to prevent waterlogging. A succulent or cactus mix is recommended, or a blend of 50% potting soil and 50% cactus mix, or 60% potting soil and 40% perlite. Using a pot with drainage holes is crucial for healthy root growth. Terra cotta pots are beneficial as their porous nature helps wick away excess moisture.
Temperature and Humidity
Kalanchoe thrives in average household temperatures, generally between 55°F and 85°F. Avoid placing the plant near drafts, heating vents, or air conditioners, as sudden temperature fluctuations can be detrimental. Kalanchoe plants typically do well with the low to moderate humidity levels found in most homes. Protect the plant from temperatures below 55°F, as it is sensitive to cold.
Fertilizing
Kalanchoe plants benefit from fertilization, though they are not heavy feeders. During spring and summer, apply a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength once or twice a month. If flowering is sparse, a phosphorus-rich fertilizer can encourage more blooms. During fall and winter, reduce or withhold fertilizer.
Encouraging Kalanchoe Blooms
Kalanchoe plants are “short-day plants,” requiring extended darkness to initiate flowering. To encourage reblooming, typically for about six weeks, the plant needs approximately 14 hours of uninterrupted darkness each day. Achieve this by placing the plant in a dark closet or covering it with a box from late afternoon until morning. During the remaining 10 hours, the plant should receive bright, indirect light. Consistency in this dark cycle is important, as brief light exposure can disrupt bud formation.
After this period, when flower buds appear, return the plant to normal light conditions. Post-bloom care involves deadheading, removing spent flowers by snipping them close to the stem. This directs the plant’s energy towards new growth and more blooms, rather than seed production.
Common Kalanchoe Problems
Overwatering is a frequent issue, leading to yellowing leaves, wilting, and mushy stems. If not addressed, excessive moisture can cause root rot, indicated by a foul smell or blackened roots. An underwatered Kalanchoe may exhibit shriveled or crispy leaves. Pests like mealybugs, aphids, and spider mites can affect Kalanchoe. These can often be managed by gently wiping them off with a damp cloth or a mild insecticidal soap if necessary, though some sources advise against insecticidal soap as it may damage the foliage.
If a Kalanchoe is not blooming, the most common reason is insufficient light or lack of the necessary dark period. Improper fertilizing, particularly too much nitrogen, can also lead to more foliage growth and fewer flowers.