A basal keiki represents a natural propagation method for certain plants, most commonly observed in orchids. This plantlet develops from the base of the mother plant, forming a genetic clone.
Understanding Basal Keiki Formation
Basal keikis can form as a response to environmental cues or the plant’s natural life cycle. Mature orchids, particularly Phalaenopsis, are known for spontaneously producing these plantlets. Keiki formation can indicate stress, such as high temperatures or insufficient light, serving as a survival mechanism.
These plantlets emerge from dormant nodes located along the main stem, beneath the bottom leaves. Unlike aerial keikis, basal keikis remain connected to the mother plant. They can also appear when the main crown of the mother plant is damaged, allowing a new shoot to emerge from the base.
Caring for an Attached Basal Keiki
While attached, a basal keiki draws nutrients and moisture directly from the mother plant, allowing it to grow quickly, supported by the parent’s established root system. Providing optimal care for the mother plant, including consistent watering, appropriate humidity, and balanced fertilization, supports both its health and the keiki’s development.
Regular monitoring of the keiki’s growth is beneficial. Observe the development of new leaves and roots, as these indicate progress. A healthy keiki shows robust growth, signaling its readiness for separation. Allowing it to mature on the mother plant ensures it develops sufficient resources before becoming independent.
Separating a Basal Keiki
Separating a basal keiki is important for its successful establishment as a new plant. A good indicator for separation is when the keiki has developed at least two to three healthy leaves and roots that are 1 to 3 inches long. Premature separation hinders the keiki’s ability to survive independently, as it relies on the mother plant for sustenance until it forms its own robust root system.
To separate the keiki, use sterile cutting tools such as a sharp razor blade or gardening shears. Carefully slice through the stem connecting the keiki to the mother plant, making the cut at the base of the plantlet.
Leave a small portion of the mother plant’s stem attached to the keiki. After making the cut, apply a natural fungicide like powdered cinnamon to the cut surfaces of both the keiki and the mother plant to prevent fungal infections.
Post-Separation Care for Your New Plant
After separation, the keiki requires specific care to thrive. Select a small pot, around 7 cm or 4 inches, and an appropriate orchid potting mix, such as a bark-based medium or sphagnum moss. Clear pots help monitor root development and moisture levels. Gently place the keiki into the pot, ensuring its roots are directed downwards into the medium.
Initial watering should be light, keeping the medium consistently moist but not waterlogged. Avoid letting water sit in the crown of the keiki to prevent rot.
Place the keiki in an environment with bright, indirect light and higher humidity than a mature orchid requires. Monitor the plant for signs of stress, such as wilting or yellowing leaves. Fertilization should be withheld until the keiki is well-established and shows signs of new growth.