The ‘split-leaf philodendron’ is a popular houseplant, admired for its large, distinctive foliage. Its substantial size often prompts questions about its full growth potential. This plant creates a lush, tropical aesthetic in any indoor space. Understanding how large it can become is key to successful long-term care.
Understanding Split-Leaf Philodendron Growth Habits
The common name ‘split-leaf philodendron’ can refer to two distinct plant species, each with unique growth patterns. The first, Monstera deliciosa, is a vining epiphyte originating from Central American rainforests. In its natural habitat, it uses aerial roots to cling to and climb large trees, seeking light. This climbing habit allows it to reach impressive heights.
The second plant, Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum (formerly Philodendron selloum), exhibits an upright, tree-like growth habit. As it matures, it develops a thick, trunk-like stem that can also produce strong aerial roots for support and nutrient absorption. This distinction in natural growth—one a climber, the other self-supporting—influences their typical dimensions and care requirements.
Typical Height and Spread
The height and spread of these plants vary considerably between indoor and outdoor environments. Monstera deliciosa, a vining plant, can grow very tall with proper support. Outdoors in tropical climates, it can reach 70 feet or more by climbing trees. Indoors, with adequate space and a moss pole, it can still become quite large, often reaching 10 to 15 feet tall and spreading 8 feet wide. Its large, heart-shaped leaves can grow up to 18 inches across.
Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum, with its tree-like structure, also achieves significant dimensions. Outdoors, specimens can grow over 15 feet tall and spread 10 to 15 feet wide, forming a large shrub or small tree. Indoors, its size is naturally restricted by container size and ceiling height. It typically reaches 6 to 10 feet tall and 5 feet wide, though some sources indicate a maximum indoor height of around 6 feet. Its leaves can grow over 3 feet in length.
Factors Influencing Growth and Size
Several environmental and cultural factors influence the growth rate and ultimate size of a split-leaf philodendron. Light is a primary determinant; both Monstera deliciosa and Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum thrive in bright, indirect light. Insufficient light can lead to leggy growth and smaller leaves, while too much direct sun can scorch the foliage. Providing consistent bright, indirect light for 5 to 6 hours daily helps support healthy growth and leaf development.
Watering practices also play a role; these plants prefer consistently moist soil but are susceptible to root rot if overwatered. Allowing the top few inches of soil to dry out between waterings is recommended. Humidity levels, mimicking their native tropical habitats, contribute to larger, healthier foliage; regular misting or using a humidifier can help. Nutrient availability through fertilization during the growing season supports growth. Pot size directly impacts the plant’s root development and overall size; a smaller pot restricts root growth and limits the plant’s potential. For Monstera deliciosa, a support structure like a moss pole encourages climbing and greater vertical growth, as its aerial roots can anchor into the support.
Managing Plant Height and Size
Homeowners can actively manage the height and overall size of their split-leaf philodendron to suit their living spaces. Pruning is an effective method for size control and shaping. The ideal time for pruning is during the plant’s active growing period, typically spring or summer. When pruning, use clean, sharp shears and cut just below a leaf node. Removing up to one-third of the foliage helps redirect the plant’s energy and maintain a more compact shape without causing stress.
Repotting also influences plant size. Moving a plant into a larger pot provides more room for root expansion, which can encourage growth. Conversely, keeping the plant in its current pot or only moving up one size can restrict its growth. If the plant becomes root-bound, its growth will slow. When repotting, select a container one or two inches larger in diameter than the previous one to avoid overwatering issues. For Monstera deliciosa, providing or removing support structures like moss poles can dictate its vertical reach. Training it to climb encourages upward growth, while allowing it to trail results in a wider, more sprawling form.