Robotic gait training is a physical therapy that uses electromechanical devices to help individuals relearn or improve their walking abilities. This therapy is for those with neurological or musculoskeletal conditions affecting their mobility. By providing support and guided movement, these systems help patients practice walking in a safe, controlled environment to improve their overall motor function.
How Robotic Gait Training Works
The foundation of robotic gait training is neuroplasticity, the brain’s capacity to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections. This therapy leverages neuroplasticity through high-repetition, task-specific training, helping the brain and spinal cord develop new pathways for walking. By repeatedly practicing the walking motion, the nervous system can relearn motor patterns, a process enhanced by the controlled nature of robotic devices.
Two main types of robotic devices are used: exoskeletons and end-effector systems. Exoskeletons are wearable robotic suits that provide powered assistance to the hip and knee joints to facilitate walking. End-effector systems guide the patient’s feet through a walking motion while their body is supported. These devices are equipped with sensors that monitor the patient’s effort and provide real-time feedback.
Integrated software allows therapists to customize the therapy for each patient by adjusting the level of assistance, walking speed, and range of motion. This adaptability ensures the training remains challenging yet achievable as the patient progresses. The technology’s precise movements help restore a more natural walking pattern.
Patient Candidacy for Robotic Gait Training
A wide range of neurological and musculoskeletal conditions can benefit from robotic gait training. It is recommended for individuals recovering from a stroke, as it helps re-establish the connection between the brain and the legs. Patients with spinal cord injuries also find this therapy beneficial, as it provides body weight support to enable them to practice stepping.
Other conditions addressed with this therapy include traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson’s disease. For traumatic brain injuries, the therapy can aid in regaining motor control and coordination. With multiple sclerosis, it can help manage symptoms and improve mobility, while for Parkinson’s disease, the guided movements can improve gait and reduce fall risk.
Cerebral palsy is another condition where this training can improve walking patterns from a young age. The therapy is suitable for patients in both acute and chronic phases of recovery. Even with severe mobility limitations, these robotic systems can help patients stand and engage in guided movements. A rehabilitation team makes the decision to use this therapy after a thorough evaluation.
The Robotic Gait Training Session
A robotic gait training session begins with a physical therapist securely fitting the patient into the device. A body-weight support system offloads a percentage of the patient’s weight, making it easier to stand and move. The therapist actively monitors the session, adjusting the support and device settings as the patient’s strength improves.
Once set up, the robotic device assists the patient’s legs through walking motions. The robot provides the necessary assistance to complete the stepping motion, but it also allows the patient to contribute as much as they are able. This active participation is a component of motor relearning and strengthening muscles.
To keep patients engaged during training, some systems incorporate interactive elements like virtual reality or on-screen games. These features can make therapy sessions more enjoyable and improve patient compliance. Real-time feedback also allows patients to see their progress, which is a powerful motivator. The duration and frequency of sessions are tailored to an individual’s needs.