Squirrels build nests, known as dreys, constructed from twigs, leaves, and grass, often in tree forks. They also utilize natural tree cavities or hollows as dens, offering protection from elements. These structures provide shelter from predators and harsh weather, and are crucial for resting and raising young.
Squirrel Pups and Their Nests
Female squirrels typically give birth to litters of two to eight pups. Squirrels generally have two breeding seasons each year, with births occurring in late winter to early spring (February-April) and again in late summer (July-September). The mother squirrel raises her offspring alone; males play no part in their care.
Baby squirrels, called kits or pups, are born blind and hairless, relying on their mother. They remain in the nest for about six to eight weeks before venturing out. The young are weaned by ten to twelve weeks of age and become independent between twelve to fourteen weeks old.
Adult Squirrels in Nests
Adult squirrels are solitary animals, occupying nests individually for most of the year. They maintain distinct territories and generally avoid sharing their living space, though these may overlap.
However, there are circumstances when adult squirrels might share a nest with others. Temporary communal nesting occurs during colder months, when squirrels may huddle together to conserve heat and energy. This shared occupancy is short-lived, serving a practical purpose for survival in harsh conditions. During mating seasons, a male and female squirrel may briefly share a nest for reproduction before the male departs.
Factors Affecting Nest Occupancy
The number of squirrels in a nest can vary based on environmental and biological factors. Seasonal changes influence nesting behavior, as colder temperatures prompt communal nesting to maximize warmth and reduce energy. For instance, Northern Flying Squirrels are known to share nests, sometimes with as many as ten individuals, during winter for warmth.
Different squirrel species vary in nesting habits; while tree squirrels primarily use dreys or tree cavities, ground squirrels construct underground burrows. The availability of food and suitable nesting sites also influences occupancy, determining if squirrels share nests or establish multiple temporary shelters. Predator presence can also lead to temporary nest sharing or the creation of multiple nests to escape threats.