A tooth extraction is a common dental procedure performed for various reasons, such as decay, infection, or to prepare for orthodontic treatment. While the prospect of having a tooth removed can cause apprehension, understanding the post-procedure healing process, particularly concerning bleeding, can ease concerns. Some bleeding after a tooth extraction is a normal and expected part of the body’s natural healing response. This article provides guidance on what to expect regarding post-extraction bleeding and offers practical advice on how to manage it.
Normal Bleeding After Extraction
Initially, bleeding can be a persistent ooze, or saliva might appear pink or red-tinged for several hours. This is common within the first 24 hours after the procedure. Normal bleeding typically diminishes gradually and should mostly subside within 24 hours, although light oozing or pink saliva can continue for up to 2-3 days.
A blood clot forms in the empty socket where the tooth was removed. This clot is fundamental for healing, as it protects the underlying bone and nerve endings from infection and helps new tissue grow. The initial clot begins forming immediately after the tooth is pulled, and platelets in the blood clump together to create a sticky protein called fibrin. This clotting process continues for about 24 hours to protect the bone and nerves. Heavy, bright red bleeding that soaks gauze quickly is not typical after the first few hours and warrants attention.
Managing Bleeding at Home
Immediately after the extraction, a dentist will place a sterile gauze pad over the extraction site, and biting down firmly on it for 30 to 45 minutes helps apply pressure to encourage a blood clot to form. If bleeding continues, the gauze should be replaced with a fresh piece, and firm pressure should be maintained for another 30 to 60 minutes. It is important to ensure the gauze is damp, as dry gauze might pull the clot out when removed.
Certain actions can interfere with the healing process and should be avoided. Refrain from rinsing vigorously, spitting, or drinking through a straw for at least 24 hours after the extraction, as the suction created by these actions can dislodge the protective blood clot. Smoking also hinders healing and can dislodge the clot, increasing the risk of complications such as a dry socket.
Keeping the head elevated, particularly when resting or sleeping, helps reduce blood flow to the extraction site, which can help control bleeding and minimize swelling. Sticking to soft foods and avoiding hot liquids or hard, crunchy foods also supports the healing process. Applying a cold compress to the cheek near the extraction site can also help by constricting blood vessels and reducing bleeding and swelling.
When to Contact Your Dentist
While some oozing and blood-tinged saliva are normal for up to 24 hours, persistent heavy, bright red bleeding that does not subside with pressure is a sign to contact your dentist. If bleeding continues for more than 24 hours, despite following home care instructions, it may indicate a problem.
Additional signs that warrant contacting your dental professional include severe pain that worsens instead of improving, especially if over-the-counter pain relievers are not effective. Swelling that increases significantly or persists beyond 48 hours, or signs of infection such as fever, chills, foul-tasting discharge, or increased redness around the extraction site, also require immediate evaluation.