Pink eye, medically known as conjunctivitis, is a common eye condition characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva. This transparent membrane covers the white part of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids. When irritated, the small blood vessels within the conjunctiva become more visible, giving the eye a reddish or pink appearance. Conjunctivitis is prevalent and can affect individuals of all ages.
What is Pink Eye
Common symptoms include redness in one or both eyes, itching, a gritty sensation, and a discharge that can cause crusting around the eyelashes, especially overnight. Eyes may also be watery, burn, or exhibit sensitivity to light. This condition can arise from various factors, primarily viral infections, bacterial infections, or allergic reactions. Viral and bacterial forms are infectious, while allergic conjunctivitis stems from an immune response to allergens like pollen or dust.
How Long It Spreads
The duration pink eye remains contagious varies significantly depending on its underlying cause. Viral conjunctivitis, the most frequent type, is highly contagious and often spreads as long as symptoms are present. This period typically spans 7 to 14 days, though some cases might remain contagious for up to three weeks.
Bacterial conjunctivitis is also contagious, with transmission possible as soon as symptoms appear. It generally remains contagious as long as there is discharge from the eye. If antibiotic treatment is initiated, contagiousness typically ceases 24 to 48 hours after starting the medication. Without antibiotics, bacterial pink eye can remain contagious for about a week.
In contrast, allergic conjunctivitis is not contagious. This type results from the immune system reacting to allergens, such as pollen or pet dander.
Stopping the Spread
Preventing the transmission of contagious pink eye involves consistent hygiene practices. Frequent hand washing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds is important, especially after touching the eyes or any contaminated surfaces. If soap and water are unavailable, an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol can be used. Avoiding touching or rubbing the eyes is also important.
It is important to avoid sharing personal items that come into contact with the eyes, including:
Towels
Washcloths
Pillowcases
Eye makeup
Eye drops
Regularly washing pillowcases, sheets, and towels in hot water with detergent can help eliminate germs. Contact lens wearers should stop using their lenses until advised by a doctor and properly clean or discard current lenses and cases.
When You Can Return
Deciding when to return to public settings after a bout of pink eye depends on the type and resolution of symptoms. For bacterial conjunctivitis, individuals can typically return to school or work 24 to 48 hours after starting antibiotic treatment, assuming symptoms are significantly improving. This timeframe is often a requirement for schools and daycares.
For viral conjunctivitis, which does not respond to antibiotics, return is generally advised once symptoms have substantially improved or fully resolved. This usually means when tearing and discharge have cleared up. However, if work or school involves close contact with others, it may be advisable to remain home until symptoms fully subside, even if there is no fever. Consulting a healthcare provider for specific guidance is always recommended.