Local anesthesia is administered during tooth extractions to block pain signals, ensuring patient comfort. Numbness following an extraction is a normal part of the healing process, allowing for a comfortable immediate post-operative period.
Factors Affecting Numbness Duration
The duration of numbness after a tooth extraction varies based on the specific type and amount of local anesthetic used. Common anesthetics like lidocaine typically provide numbness for 1 to 3 hours, while articaine can extend this to 2 to 4 hours. Longer-acting agents, such as bupivacaine, might keep the area numb for 4 to 8 hours. Dentists select the appropriate anesthetic based on the procedure’s expected duration and complexity, and a higher dose or concentration can also prolong the numbing effect.
The location of the extraction significantly influences how long numbness persists. Extractions in the lower jaw, or mandible, often result in longer-lasting numbness compared to the upper jaw, or maxilla. This difference occurs because the lower jaw has denser bone and involves larger nerves, such as the inferior alveolar nerve, which can absorb the anesthetic more slowly and maintain its effect for an extended period. The upper jaw, with its better blood flow, tends to metabolize the anesthetic more quickly.
Individual metabolism also plays a role in how quickly the anesthetic wears off. Each person’s body processes medications differently, influenced by factors such as age, weight, and metabolic rate. Individuals with faster metabolisms may break down and eliminate the anesthetic more rapidly, leading to a shorter duration of numbness. Conversely, those with slower metabolisms might experience prolonged effects of the anesthetic.
The complexity of the tooth extraction can further affect numbness duration. More involved procedures, like the removal of impacted wisdom teeth, may require a greater amount of anesthetic or a longer-acting agent. This increased anesthetic delivery can extend the overall period of numbness, sometimes lasting longer than a simple extraction due to the extensive nature of the work.
Coping While Numb
While numb, stick to soft, lukewarm foods like yogurt, soup, mashed potatoes, or scrambled eggs for the first 24 to 48 hours. Avoid hot liquids and very cold items that could cause unnoticed burns or discomfort. Chew carefully on the opposite side of the mouth to prevent accidental biting of the cheek, lip, or tongue.
Preventing self-inflicted injury is important during the numb period. Be mindful of the numb areas and avoid biting, picking, or scratching them, as this can cause trauma without immediate awareness. Using a mirror can help verify the area’s condition. Speech might be affected temporarily, so speaking slowly and deliberately can be helpful.
Avoid activities requiring fine motor control of the mouth, such as playing wind instruments, until full sensation returns. Refrain from rubbing or manipulating the extraction site to allow for proper healing. The numbness will naturally subside over time.
When to Contact Your Dentist
Numbness from a tooth extraction typically resolves within a few hours, though some longer-acting anesthetics can extend this to up to 12 hours. If numbness persists longer than 24 to 48 hours, or beyond what your dentist advised, contact them for an evaluation. Prolonged numbness could indicate nerve irritation or nerve damage, requiring assessment.
Signs of infection at the extraction site require immediate dental attention. These symptoms include increasing pain, swelling that worsens, redness, pus discharge, or a fever. A bad taste or foul smell can signal an infection.
Contact your dentist if you experience severe or worsening pain, especially after the numbness has worn off, that is not managed by prescribed or over-the-counter pain relievers. While some discomfort is normal, intensifying pain may indicate complications like a dry socket. Any other concerning or unexpected sensations should be reported to your dentist.