Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, are the last set of adult teeth to emerge, typically appearing between the ages of 17 and 25 years. Often, there isn’t enough space in the mouth for these teeth to grow properly, leading to impaction or other problems. When wisdom teeth cause pain, infection, or damage to neighboring teeth, their removal, or extraction, becomes necessary. Numbness is a common and expected side effect after this procedure, primarily due to the local anesthetic administered to ensure comfort during surgery.
Expected Duration of Numbness
Numbness after wisdom teeth removal is an immediate and normal sensation caused by local anesthetic. For most individuals, this numbness typically subsides within 3 to 5 hours as the anesthetic wears off, though its duration can range from 2 to 8 hours depending on the anesthetic type and area involved. In some cases, particularly with nerve blocks used for lower jaw surgery, the numbness in the cheeks, lips, and tongue might persist for 12 to 24 hours. As the anesthetic effects diminish, a gradual return of sensation usually begins, often accompanied by tingling or slight discomfort.
Influences on Numbness Duration
Several factors influence the duration of initial numbness after wisdom teeth extraction. These include the specific type and amount of local anesthetic administered, and individual metabolism rates, which affect how quickly the body processes the numbing agent. The complexity of the extraction procedure is another factor; more extensive or difficult removals, such as those involving impacted teeth, might cause the numbness to linger longer. Additionally, the proximity of the wisdom tooth to certain nerves in the jaw can influence the duration of numbness, as can post-surgical swelling that may put pressure on these nerves.
Understanding Lingering Numbness
While initial numbness is expected, lingering numbness that persists beyond the typical anesthetic effect is distinct and can be a concern. This prolonged numbness, medically termed paresthesia, occurs when nerves are irritated, compressed, or, in rare instances, damaged during the extraction process. The inferior alveolar nerve, supplying the lower teeth, lip, and chin, and the lingual nerve, affecting the tongue, are particularly susceptible due to their close proximity to the wisdom teeth. Symptoms of paresthesia can include persistent numbness, tingling, altered sensation, or a feeling like a limb has “fallen asleep.” Although most nerve injuries are temporary and resolve on their own, some cases can be persistent, lasting for months, and in rare instances, permanent.
What to Do About Numbness
Managing numbness after wisdom teeth removal involves practical steps to prevent accidental injury. Avoid chewing on the numb side of the mouth to prevent inadvertently biting the cheek, lip, or tongue. Be cautious with hot foods and liquids, as the inability to feel temperature can lead to burns. Staying hydrated and getting adequate rest supports healing.
Contact your dentist or oral surgeon if numbness persists beyond 24 hours. Also contact them if it is asymmetrical, shows no improvement, or is accompanied by severe pain or difficulty speaking or eating. Early communication allows for proper assessment and guidance, improving outcomes if nerve involvement is present.