Mohs surgery is a specialized, precise procedure for removing skin cancer. This technique involves excising skin cancer layer by layer, with each layer examined under a microscope immediately after removal. This process continues until no cancer cells are detected, ensuring complete removal while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible. It is effective for certain types of skin cancer, particularly for those in delicate areas like the face.
Initial Healing Phase
The initial healing phase begins immediately after Mohs surgery. The surgical site is typically bandaged to protect the wound. Patients may experience mild discomfort, swelling, and minor bleeding, usually manageable with over-the-counter pain relievers. Elevating the wound can help minimize swelling.
The wound closure method influences initial recovery. Wounds may be closed with stitches, skin flaps, grafts, or left to heal naturally (secondary intention). Stitches are typically removed within 7 to 14 days, depending on the wound’s location. During the first 14 days, keep the wound clean and dry, avoiding strenuous activities that could cause bleeding or stress. Scab formation is normal; do not pick to prevent infection and scarring.
Longer-Term Healing and Scar Development
While initial wound closure is quick, underlying tissue heals and remodels over an extended period. The body produces collagen to bridge the surgical gap, part of natural scar formation. This process involves phases: granulation (new tissue, 3-5 days), contraction (wound edges pull inward, 2-4 weeks), and maturation (weeks to two years).
Scars evolve, initially appearing red or raised with new blood vessels. Over several months, these characteristics diminish. Most scars flatten and fade, becoming less noticeable, though complete maturation can take 12 to 18 months or longer. Protect the healing area from sun exposure to minimize scarring and pigmentation.
Factors Affecting Healing Duration
Several factors influence healing duration and quality. Surgical location plays a role; areas with rich blood supply (e.g., face) heal faster than those with less (e.g., lower legs, hands, feet). Wounds on mobile areas (e.g., shoulder, joints) may heal slower due to frequent movement.
Wound size and depth are significant determinants. Larger or deeper wounds require more healing time and may need complex reconstruction. A patient’s overall health also impacts healing; conditions like diabetes, compromised immune systems, or poor circulation can slow the process. Older individuals may heal slower due to thinner skin. Smoking can impair circulation and prolong healing.
Supporting Your Recovery
Proper post-operative care promotes optimal healing and minimizes complications. Following the surgeon’s wound care instructions is crucial, typically involving keeping the wound clean and dry, and changing dressings as directed. Instructions often advise keeping the initial dressing dry for 24 to 48 hours, then cleaning daily with mild soap/water or a prescribed solution before applying antibiotic ointment and a new dressing.
Managing pain and swelling effectively aids comfort and recovery. A cold compress can reduce swelling and discomfort. Avoid strenuous activities, heavy lifting, or bending from the waist for one to two weeks to prevent tension on the wound. Protect the healing area from sun exposure to prevent pigmentation changes and improve scar appearance.
Recognize infection signs (increasing pain, swelling, redness, warmth, drainage) and contact your doctor promptly. A healthy diet and hydration support natural healing.