Gastrointestinal (GI) viruses, often referred to as “stomach flu,” are common illnesses that affect the digestive system, causing inflammation of the stomach and intestines and leading to uncomfortable symptoms. The illness is generally not related to influenza, which is a respiratory infection.
What Are GI Viruses?
GI viruses are caused by various types of viruses, not bacteria, distinguishing them from bacterial food poisoning. Common culprits include norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus. Norovirus is a frequent cause of outbreaks in adults, while rotavirus primarily affects infants and young children. These viruses typically spread through the fecal-oral route, often due to consuming contaminated food or water, or touching contaminated surfaces and then one’s mouth.
How Long Do Symptoms Last?
GI virus symptoms usually last one to three days, though some cases can extend up to a week or more. The specific virus type significantly influences duration; norovirus symptoms often resolve within 12 to 48 hours, while adenovirus infections can last over a week. An individual’s immune system strength, age, and overall health also influence symptom duration and severity.
Caring for Yourself at Home
Managing a GI virus at home primarily involves preventing dehydration and allowing the digestive system to rest. Consuming small, frequent sips of clear liquids such as water, oral rehydration solutions, or clear broths helps replace lost fluids and electrolytes. Gradually reintroducing bland foods like toast, rice, bananas, and applesauce can aid recovery. It is beneficial to avoid fatty, spicy, sugary foods, dairy products, caffeine, and alcohol, as these can irritate the stomach further.
Rest is also important for recovery, allowing the body to conserve energy to fight the infection. Medical attention should be sought if signs of severe dehydration appear, such as decreased urination, a very dry mouth, dizziness upon standing, or extreme lethargy. Additionally, contact a healthcare provider for a high fever, severe abdominal pain, bloody or black stools, or if symptoms persist significantly longer than expected, especially in infants, young children, or older adults.
Preventing Illness Spread
Preventing the spread of GI viruses involves diligent hygiene practices. Thorough handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after using the bathroom and before eating or preparing food, is one of the most effective measures. Regularly disinfecting contaminated surfaces, particularly in bathrooms and kitchens, using a bleach-based cleaner can help eliminate viral particles. It is advisable to avoid sharing personal items like utensils, towels, and drinking glasses when sick. Staying home from work, school, or other public activities during the illness, especially while experiencing symptoms, helps prevent transmission to others.