A dental crown serves as a tooth-shaped cap, designed to restore a tooth’s form, size, strength, and appearance. Dentists often recommend crowns to protect a weak or fractured tooth, restore a severely worn or broken tooth, or cover a tooth after a root canal. These restorations encase the entire visible portion of a tooth, starting from the gum line.
Typical Crown Lifespan
Dental crowns are durable, often lasting for many years. On average, a dental crown typically remains functional for 5 to 15 years. The actual lifespan is influenced by factors including the material, oral hygiene, and daily habits.
Crown Materials and Lifespan
Crown material significantly impacts durability. Metal crowns, especially gold alloys, are very durable, often lasting 10 to 30 years. Porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns combine strength with aesthetics, typically lasting 10 to 15 years. All-ceramic crowns, including zirconia, offer excellent aesthetics and strength, often lasting 10 to 20 years. Resin crowns are less expensive but less durable.
Factors Influencing Crown Longevity
Beyond material, several factors influence how long a crown lasts.
Oral Hygiene
Oral hygiene plays a substantial role. Regular brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and flossing prevents plaque and bacteria buildup around the crown and underlying tooth. Neglecting these practices can lead to decay or gum disease, compromising stability and requiring early replacement.
Biting Habits and Diet
Biting habits and dietary choices impact crowns. Teeth grinding (bruxism) or clenching can pressure the crown, leading to wear, cracks, or dislodgment. Hard foods like ice, nuts, or hard candies can chip or fracture. Sticky foods, such as caramels, can pull a crown loose. Using teeth as tools, like opening packages, can also damage the crown.
Crown Location and Placement Quality
The crown’s location affects chewing forces. Crowns on molars endure greater stress than those on front teeth. Initial crown placement quality also influences longevity. A precise fit and strong bonding ensure stability and fewer complications.
Signs Your Crown Needs Attention
Observing changes in or around a dental crown can indicate a need for professional assessment.
Pain or Sensitivity
Persistent pain or sensitivity around the crowned tooth may signal decay underneath, a loose crown, or an improperly fitted crown. Any discomfort warrants immediate dental evaluation.
Looseness or Visible Damage
A loose crown indicates the cement holding it may be failing. Visible damage, such as cracks, chips, or a worn-down surface, can compromise its structural integrity.
Receding Gums or Bite Changes
Receding gums around the crowned tooth can expose the crown margin or tooth root. Changes in your bite, where the crowned tooth interferes with your natural bite, suggest an issue with the crown’s fit or position. Any of these signs should prompt a visit to the dentist.
Tips for Extending Crown Life
To maximize a dental crown’s lifespan, follow these practices.
Maintain Oral Hygiene
Brush twice daily with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste, focusing on the gumline around the crown. Daily flossing removes food particles and plaque. Using an antimicrobial mouthwash can further reduce bacteria.
Regular Dental Check-ups
Schedule regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings. Dentists can identify early signs of wear, damage, or underlying issues. Early detection allows for timely intervention, preventing problems and extending the crown’s life.
Manage Biting Habits
Address habits like teeth grinding or clenching (bruxism). If bruxism occurs, a custom-fitted nightguard can cushion teeth and prevent premature wear and damage to the crown. This reduces stress on the restoration.
Avoid Damaging Foods and Habits
Limit or avoid hard foods, such as ice, hard candies, and nuts, which can chip or fracture the crown. Sticky or chewy foods like caramels can dislodge a crown. Avoid using teeth as tools, such as opening bottles or biting fingernails.
Seek Prompt Dental Care
Promptly address any concerns or discomfort. If pain, looseness, or other issues arise, contact a dentist immediately for assessment. Acting quickly can allow for simpler repairs or re-cementation, potentially avoiding full replacement.