Wild hogs, also known as feral hogs or wild boars, are a widespread and adaptable species. Descendants of domestic pigs or hybrids with European wild boars, they thrive in diverse environments globally.
Average Lifespan of Wild Hogs
Wild hogs in their natural habitats live an average of four to eight years. While some individuals may survive up to 10 to 14 years under ideal conditions, very few live beyond four or five years. A high mortality rate, particularly among younger animals, influences this average lifespan.
Lifespan varies significantly due to numerous environmental variables. Mortality rates are high for piglets, especially those less than three months old, often due to accidents, starvation, or predation. Once wild hogs reach 10 to 15 pounds, predation becomes less significant.
Factors Influencing Wild Hog Lifespan
A wild hog’s longevity is influenced by its environment, including food and habitat availability. Wild hogs are opportunistic omnivores, eating roots, nuts, crops, and even small vertebrates. Consistent access to diverse food and water supports health and longevity, while harsh conditions like drought or severe winters limit resources, impacting survival.
Predation also influences wild hog mortality, varying by region and age. Natural predators like coyotes, black bears, and alligators prey on hogs, especially younger or weaker individuals. However, humans are the most significant predator of wild pigs in the United States. In Europe and Asia, wolves also account for a notable portion of annual mortality.
Diseases and parasites substantially reduce wild hog lifespan and affect population health. Wild hogs carry numerous diseases, including pseudorabies, swine brucellosis, and tularemia, which can weaken them, cause reproductive issues, or lead to death. These health challenges also pose risks to domestic livestock and, in some cases, to humans.
Human intervention, particularly hunting and control efforts, is a major factor influencing wild hog lifespan. In areas where they are considered an invasive species, intensive hunting pressure directly impacts individual survival rates. These efforts are necessary to manage populations due to their high reproductive potential and adaptability.
While environmental factors are primary influences, genetic predispositions play a minor part in a hog’s longevity. However, immediate survival challenges like disease exposure, food scarcity, and human interaction typically exert a far greater influence on how long a wild hog survives.