Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness, frequently observed in infants and young children. This contagious condition is characterized by a distinctive rash that often includes blister-like lesions. Understanding the typical course of these blisters and associated symptoms can help manage concerns.
The Blister’s Journey: Appearance to Disappearance
Blisters typically emerge one to two days following fever onset. Initially, they may appear as small, red spots, sometimes with a tiny blister on top. These lesions commonly develop on the palms, soles, buttocks, elbows, knees, or genitals.
The spots can evolve into painful sores, especially within the mouth, on the tongue, gums, and inside the cheeks. Mouth sores often start as bright pink spots or tiny bumps before turning into blisters.
Blisters on the hands and feet may appear grey or lighter than the surrounding skin, generally drying up and fading within seven to ten days. Rarely, individuals might experience temporary nail changes, such as shedding of fingernails or toenails, several weeks after infection. This nail loss is temporary, and nails regrow without specific treatment.
Other Common Symptoms
The illness often begins with general flu-like symptoms that precede or accompany the rash. These initial signs can include a mild fever, a sore throat, reduced appetite, and a general feeling of being unwell.
Mouth sores can be bothersome. These painful lesions can make eating and drinking difficult. Like the blisters, these accompanying symptoms usually resolve within seven to ten days as the body clears the virus.
When to Contact a Doctor
While HFMD is often a mild illness, some situations require medical attention. Consult a healthcare provider if a high fever persists for more three days or exceeds 102°F. Signs of dehydration, such as significantly reduced urination, dry mouth, or a lack of tears, also warrant medical evaluation.
Seek medical attention for severe headache, a stiff neck, severe irritability, unusual lethargy, or difficulty breathing. If symptoms worsen or do not improve after seven to ten days, professional advice is recommended. Additionally, children under six months of age or those with a compromised immune system should be seen by a doctor if they develop HFMD.
Managing Discomfort and Contagion
Managing discomfort is important when someone has HFMD. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can help alleviate fever and general aches. Encouraging fluid intake is important to prevent dehydration, especially due to painful mouth sores; cold liquids, ice pops, and soft, bland foods are often more tolerable. Avoiding acidic, spicy, or hot foods and beverages can also help reduce irritation to mouth sores.
HFMD is highly contagious, particularly during the first week of illness. To prevent its spread, frequent and thorough handwashing with soap and water is important, especially after changing diapers or using the toilet. Cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces and objects, such as toys and doorknobs, can also limit transmission. Individuals with HFMD should generally remain home from school or daycare until their fever has subsided and blisters have dried up or scabbed over.