Milk of Magnesia (MoM) is a widely recognized over-the-counter medication. It addresses occasional constipation and relieves indigestion symptoms like heartburn and upset stomach. Available in liquid suspensions and chewable tablets, it’s an accessible option for many.
Understanding Milk of Magnesia’s Action
Milk of Magnesia contains magnesium hydroxide, which functions through a dual mechanism. As an antacid, magnesium hydroxide neutralizes excess stomach acid. Its hydroxide ions react with stomach acid, forming water and magnesium chloride, alleviating symptoms like heartburn and sour stomach.
As a laxative, magnesium hydroxide acts as an osmotic agent. In larger doses, poorly absorbed magnesium ions draw water into the intestines. This influx of water softens stool and increases its volume, stimulating peristalsis and promoting a bowel movement. A bowel movement typically occurs within 30 minutes to 6 hours after taking it for constipation.
Guidelines for Short-Term Use
Milk of Magnesia is for temporary relief of occasional digestive issues. For constipation, it is generally recommended for short-term use, typically no more than 7 consecutive days. If constipation persists beyond this period, it may suggest an underlying condition that requires medical attention.
When used as an antacid for indigestion or heartburn, Milk of Magnesia can be taken as needed for occasional symptoms. However, it should not be used for more than 14 days for these issues without consulting a healthcare provider. Adhere to the recommended dosage instructions on the product label, as dosages can vary based on age and the specific formulation. It is often advised to drink a full glass of water with each dose, especially when using it as a laxative, to support its osmotic action and prevent dehydration.
Potential Concerns with Extended Use
Prolonged or excessive use of Milk of Magnesia can lead to concerns, primarily due to magnesium absorption. While a small amount of magnesium is absorbed, continuous high intake can result in hypermagnesemia, where magnesium levels in the blood become too high. Symptoms include muscle weakness, a slow or irregular heartbeat, confusion, and reduced urination.
Extended use can also lead to dehydration, as the medication draws water into the intestines. Additionally, the body may develop a dependence on the laxative effect, potentially worsening chronic constipation if stopped. Magnesium hydroxide can also interfere with the absorption of other medications, including certain antibiotics, iron supplements, and some heart medications, making it important to separate administration times. Individuals with kidney problems are particularly susceptible to magnesium accumulation because kidneys excrete excess magnesium.
When to Seek Professional Advice
Consult a healthcare professional if constipation or indigestion symptoms persist despite using Milk of Magnesia as directed. If constipation lasts longer than 7 days or indigestion symptoms continue for more than two weeks, it may indicate a more serious underlying health issue requiring diagnosis and treatment.
Immediate medical attention is necessary if severe side effects occur, such as rectal bleeding, severe abdominal pain, persistent nausea or vomiting, or signs of an allergic reaction like hives or difficulty breathing. Individuals with kidney disease, those on a magnesium-restricted diet, or anyone taking other prescription medications should consult a doctor or pharmacist before using Milk of Magnesia to avoid potential complications or drug interactions. Discuss all current medications with a healthcare provider to ensure safe and effective use.