Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy treats sleep apnea by delivering a continuous stream of air through a mask worn during sleep. This keeps the upper airway open, preventing breathing pauses and allowing for uninterrupted sleep and better oxygen levels.
CPAP as a Long-Term Treatment
CPAP therapy is a long-term treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. As sleep apnea is a chronic condition, CPAP manages symptoms rather than curing it. Benefits are sustained only with consistent use, including naps, as symptoms quickly return without it. Patients using CPAP for extended periods, such as five years, typically use it for an average of 5.7 hours per night.
Benefits of Adhering to CPAP Therapy
Consistent CPAP therapy offers many benefits for individuals with sleep apnea. Improved sleep quality is an immediate benefit, reducing daytime sleepiness and enhancing concentration. Over time, CPAP can lower the risk of associated health problems.
This includes cardiovascular issues like high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke, by stabilizing blood pressure and oxygen levels. CPAP also improves memory and cognitive functions, often impaired by untreated sleep apnea. Consistent use may also lower the risk of developing or worsening type 2 diabetes.
When CPAP Duration Might Change
While CPAP therapy is often long-term, its duration can be re-evaluated under specific circumstances. Significant lifestyle changes, such as substantial weight loss, can reduce sleep apnea severity. Losing 10% or more of body weight can decrease fat deposits around the upper airway, improving breathing. Successful surgical interventions for anatomical obstructions or other medical treatments can also impact CPAP need.
However, weight loss or surgery does not guarantee an end to therapy, as factors like craniofacial structure, age, and gender also influence sleep apnea. Any decision to change or discontinue CPAP must be made with healthcare professional guidance, following a re-evaluation, often including a follow-up sleep study.
Managing Long-Term CPAP Use
Managing long-term CPAP therapy involves practical considerations for comfort and effectiveness. Proper mask fit is important, with various types available to suit individual needs. Humidifier settings can alleviate side effects like dry mouth, congestion, or nosebleeds.
Routine cleaning and maintenance of equipment are also important for hygiene and performance. This includes daily mask cleaning, weekly cleaning of tubing and humidifier chamber with mild soap and warm water. Filters should be checked monthly and replaced every one to three months, or as recommended. Regular follow-up appointments with healthcare providers optimize settings, address side effects like skin irritation, and ensure adherence.