Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by the prostate gland, a small gland in males located below the bladder. A PSA test is a common blood test used to measure the level of this protein. This test helps assess prostate health and can indicate conditions affecting the prostate. Accurate test results are important for proper medical evaluation.
Ejaculation and PSA Levels
Ejaculation can temporarily elevate PSA levels, which may lead to inaccurate test results. Healthcare providers generally recommend abstaining from ejaculation for 24 to 48 hours before a PSA test. Some sources suggest this abstinence period could extend to 72 hours for reliability.
The temporary increase in PSA levels after ejaculation is due to the physiological process. During ejaculation, the prostate gland undergoes muscular contractions. These contractions can cause more PSA to be released from the prostate into the bloodstream.
While this elevation is temporary, it can be significant enough to skew test results. An artificially increased PSA reading might lead to unnecessary follow-up tests or cause undue anxiety. Adhering to the recommended abstinence period helps ensure a precise measurement of your baseline PSA level.
Other Factors Affecting PSA
Beyond ejaculation, several other factors can also temporarily influence PSA levels. Engaging in vigorous exercise, particularly activities that put pressure on the perineum like cycling, can cause a transient increase in PSA. It is advised to avoid strenuous physical activity for 48 to 72 hours before a PSA test.
A Digital Rectal Exam (DRE), a prostate examination, can also lead to a slight, temporary rise in PSA levels. Some medical professionals suggest having the blood drawn for the PSA test before a DRE if both procedures are scheduled. Similarly, a prostate biopsy, a procedure involving tissue samples, can significantly elevate PSA levels. It is recommended to wait at least six weeks after a prostate biopsy before a PSA test.
Prostate infection or inflammation, known as prostatitis, is another common cause of elevated PSA. This condition can cause a notable PSA increase due to inflammation. A urinary tract infection (UTI) can also temporarily affect PSA levels. If you have either a prostate infection or a UTI, it is advised to wait until the infection clears before a PSA test.
When to Consult Your Doctor
If you have not followed preparation guidelines, or if influencing factors like ejaculation, vigorous exercise, or a recent illness occurred close to your scheduled PSA test, communicate this. Inform your doctor or the lab technician about these events before your blood is drawn.
Your healthcare provider might advise rescheduling the test to ensure the most accurate results. This transparency allows your medical team to properly interpret your PSA levels, considering temporary elevations that may not reflect your underlying prostate health.