A prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of the prostate gland and surrounding tissues. This non-invasive imaging technique helps medical professionals examine the prostate. The primary purpose of a prostate MRI is to visualize this small gland, located deep within the pelvis, to aid in diagnosis and evaluation. The following sections describe the step-by-step process of undergoing a prostate MRI.
Getting Ready for Your Prostate MRI
Preparing for a prostate MRI involves steps to ensure clear images. Patients may receive dietary instructions, such as eating light meals and avoiding gas-producing foods for 24-72 hours before the scan, as gas can interfere with image quality. Fasting for 3-4 hours may be advised, though non-caffeinated fluids are usually permitted up to an hour before. Reviewing current medications with the doctor or imaging center staff is important, although patients can generally take their usual medicines unless advised otherwise. Bowel preparation, such as using an enema 1-3 hours before the scan, is often recommended to clear the rectum and prevent stool or gas from obscuring the prostate images.
Upon arrival, patients complete paperwork and a safety questionnaire. They will then be asked to change into a hospital gown. Patients must remove all metallic items, including jewelry, watches, credit cards, hearing aids, and clothing with metal components, as these interfere with the MRI’s magnetic field and can become dangerous projectiles. Medical staff will discuss the use of a contrast agent, typically administered intravenously, and inquire about allergies before the procedure.
Inside the MRI Scanner
During the prostate MRI, the patient lies on a movable padded table, on their back, with their pelvis centered in the magnetic field. A specialized coil may be placed over the abdomen and pelvis, or an endorectal coil, a small probe inserted into the rectum, may be used. This coil helps acquire detailed images due to its close proximity to the gland.
The MRI machine is a large, tunnel-like structure that produces loud knocking, thumping, and buzzing noises as it operates. Patients are provided with earplugs or headphones to reduce the noise, and sometimes music can be played to help with comfort. Communication with the technologist is maintained throughout the scan via a two-way intercom system, and a call button is provided in case the patient needs assistance. If a contrast agent is used, it is injected into a vein, typically in the arm, during the scan; patients may experience a brief warm sensation or a metallic taste in their mouth. The scan takes 30 to 45 minutes, and remaining still is important for clear images.
After Your Scan
After the prostate MRI scan, the technologist will help the patient off the table, and any intravenous lines will be removed. If a contrast agent was administered, patients are advised to drink extra fluids to help flush it from their system. Unless a sedative was given, no special recovery period is required.
A radiologist, a medical doctor specializing in interpreting imaging studies, will analyze the MRI images. The radiologist then sends a detailed report to the referring doctor. Results typically arrive within a few days to a week, and patients are advised to schedule a follow-up appointment with their referring physician to discuss the findings. Most individuals can resume normal daily activities immediately, unless sedated, in which case they need a ride home and should avoid certain activities.
When an MRI Might Not Be Possible
Certain conditions or medical implants can prevent a patient from undergoing a prostate MRI due to the strong magnetic field. Metallic implants, such as pacemakers, cochlear implants, surgical clips, and shrapnel, are the most significant concern. These items can malfunction, move, or heat up within the magnetic field, posing a safety concern. Patients must disclose all metal in their body to the medical staff.
Severe claustrophobia, a fear of enclosed spaces, can also make an MRI challenging. Patients with anxiety may discuss options such as mild sedation or, if available, an open MRI machine. Kidney function is another consideration, particularly if a contrast agent is needed, as these agents are processed by the kidneys. Impaired kidney function may require alternative imaging or special precautions. A history of allergic reactions to contrast agents is also a factor, requiring careful assessment before contrast administration. Open communication with the doctor and MRI staff about one’s medical history and concerns is crucial to ensure safety and determine the most appropriate course of action.