A 3D mammogram, also known as breast tomosynthesis, is an advanced X-ray imaging technique that creates detailed, three-dimensional images of the breast. It helps identify potential abnormalities within breast tissue, providing more comprehensive views than traditional imaging to support early breast cancer detection.
Understanding 3D Mammography Technology
A 3D mammogram operates by capturing multiple images of the breast from various angles. Unlike traditional 2D mammograms, which create a single, flat image, the 3D machine moves in an arc over the breast. This movement allows it to collect a series of low-dose X-ray images. A computer then reconstructs these individual images into thin, one-millimeter “slices,” forming a detailed, layered view of the breast tissue.
This layered approach helps overcome a common challenge in breast imaging: tissue overlap. In a 2D image, overlapping breast structures can hide small abnormalities or create suspicious areas that are actually normal tissue. By providing a slice-by-slice view, 3D mammography reduces the obscuring effect of overlapping tissues. This enhanced visualization improves breast cancer detection and may decrease the likelihood of needing additional imaging due to unclear findings.
Preparing for Your 3D Mammogram
Preparing for a 3D mammogram involves a few practical steps to ensure clear images and a comfortable experience. It is advised to avoid applying deodorants, antiperspirants, powders, lotions, creams, or perfumes to your underarms or breasts on the day of the exam. These products can contain metallic particles that might appear as white spots on the X-ray images, potentially interfering with the results.
Wearing comfortable, two-piece clothing is recommended, as you will need to undress from the waist up for the procedure. If you have had previous mammograms at a different facility, bringing those records or images can be helpful for comparison. Scheduling your appointment during a time when your breasts are least likely to be tender, such as the week following your menstrual period, can contribute to a more comfortable experience.
The 3D Mammogram Procedure
The process of undergoing a 3D mammogram is similar to a traditional 2D mammogram, with a key difference in how the images are captured. Upon arrival, you will typically change into a gown, removing clothing from the waist up. A trained technologist will then guide you to the mammography machine. You will stand in front of the X-ray machine, and the technologist will position one of your breasts on a platform.
A clear plastic plate will gently lower, compressing your breast against the platform. This compression is a necessary part of the process, as it helps to spread out the breast tissue evenly, which allows for clearer images and can reduce the amount of radiation needed. During the compression, the X-ray arm of the machine will sweep in a slight arc over your breast, taking multiple low-dose images from various angles. You may be asked to hold your breath for a few seconds during this imaging process to minimize any movement.
Once the images for one breast are complete, the compression is released, and the process is repeated for the other breast. The entire imaging procedure for both breasts typically takes only a few minutes. While some discomfort from the compression may be experienced, it is usually brief.
After Your 3D Mammogram
Once your 3D mammogram procedure is complete, the captured images are sent for review by a radiologist. The results are typically available soon after the test, often within 24 hours, though this can vary by facility. You will usually receive notification of your results through various methods, such as mail, a phone call, or via an online patient portal.
In some instances, you may be asked to return for additional imaging or further tests, such as an ultrasound, MRI, or even a biopsy. It is important to understand that being called back for follow-up imaging is a common occurrence and does not automatically mean cancer is present. These additional views often serve to clarify areas that appeared unclear on the initial images or to further investigate a finding.