Cold sores are a common viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), leading to the appearance of painful blisters, typically around the mouth. These uncomfortable and noticeable outbreaks prompt many to seek effective treatments. Abreva is an over-the-counter (OTC) topical medication developed to help manage cold sore outbreaks and assist in their healing.
Abreva’s Active Ingredient and Action
Abreva contains docosanol as its active ingredient. This compound works differently from traditional antiviral medications. Docosanol operates by inhibiting the direct fusion of the herpes simplex virus with the healthy cell membranes of the host. This mechanism prevents the virus from entering uninfected cells and replicating within them. By creating a physical barrier at the cell membrane, docosanol effectively limits the spread of the virus to new cells.
Expected Outcomes of Abreva Treatment
Clinical studies indicate that Abreva can help shorten cold sore healing time. Some research suggests it can reduce healing time by approximately 18 hours compared to a placebo, with some users experiencing healing in as few as 2.5 days when used at the very first sign of an outbreak.
Beyond accelerating healing, Abreva also helps alleviate symptoms such as tingling, pain, burning, and itching. Its effectiveness is highest when applied at the earliest signs of a cold sore, which typically include tingling, itching, or redness, even before a visible blister appears. Delaying application until a blister has fully formed may reduce its ability to shorten healing time.
Abreva addresses the symptoms and speeds the healing of current outbreaks; it does not cure the herpes virus itself. The herpes simplex virus remains dormant in the body and can cause future outbreaks. Abreva is approved for use by adults and children 12 years of age and older.
Proper Application and Usage Tips
For optimal results, Abreva should be applied at the first indication of a cold sore, such as a tingling sensation. The cream needs to be applied five times a day, approximately every three to four hours. It is important to continue applying the cream until the cold sore is fully healed, but not for more than 10 days.
Maintaining good hygiene during application is important to prevent spreading the virus. Users should wash their hands thoroughly with soap and water both before and after applying the cream. Given that cold sores are contagious, it is advisable not to share Abreva tubes or other personal items that come into contact with the sore. Some individuals may experience mild and temporary side effects at the application site, such as stinging, burning, redness, or dryness. If severe reactions occur, discontinuing use and consulting a healthcare professional is advisable.