Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, commonly known as “morning sickness,” is a widespread experience for many expectant individuals. This symptom can occur at any point throughout the day or night, not exclusively in the morning. Affecting a majority of pregnant people, it is a common aspect of early pregnancy. It is a normal physiological response.
When Pregnancy Nausea Starts
Pregnancy nausea often begins around the fourth to sixth week of gestation. For some, this queasy feeling can be among the first indications of pregnancy, appearing gradually or suddenly. Symptoms usually reach their most intense point between eight and ten weeks, though this can vary. Most individuals find relief as symptoms generally subside by the end of the first trimester, around weeks 12 to 14, or by 16 to 20 weeks. However, some may continue to experience nausea into the second trimester, and in a smaller percentage, it can persist until delivery.
Why Pregnancy Nausea Occurs
The exact mechanisms behind pregnancy nausea are not fully understood, but rapid hormonal changes are thought to be a primary contributor. The swift increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels, which peak around the tenth week of pregnancy, correlates with the period when symptoms are often most severe. Estrogen, which rises significantly during pregnancy, may also play a role in inducing nausea.
Other factors include heightened sensitivity to smells, which can trigger nausea, and fluctuations in blood sugar levels. Changes in the digestive system, such as relaxation of stomach and intestinal muscles due to increased progesterone, might influence nausea. Some theories suggest nausea could be an evolutionary response to protect the developing fetus from potentially harmful substances during a critical period of organ formation.
Coping with Pregnancy Nausea
Managing pregnancy nausea often involves dietary and lifestyle adjustments. Eating small, frequent meals prevents an empty stomach, which can worsen nausea. Selecting bland, high-carbohydrate, and low-fat foods like crackers, toast, or rice may be more tolerable. Identify and avoid specific foods or strong smells that trigger nausea.
Staying hydrated is important, especially if vomiting occurs. Sipping fluids like water, clear broths, or ginger ale can help. Ginger, in forms like tea, candies, or supplements, is often suggested to alleviate nausea. Some individuals find relief with vitamin B6 supplementation; however, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplements. Sufficient rest is beneficial, as tiredness can intensify nausea.
When to Contact Your Doctor
Certain symptoms warrant medical attention. If nausea and vomiting become severe and persistent, preventing you from keeping down food or fluids, it could indicate a more serious condition called hyperemesis gravidarum. Signs of dehydration, such as decreased urination, dizziness, lightheadedness, a rapid heartbeat, dry mouth, or dark-colored urine, signal a need for medical assessment.
Significant weight loss, typically more than 5% of your pre-pregnancy weight or 2-3 kg, should also prompt a call to your doctor. Experiencing severe abdominal pain alongside nausea and vomiting is another reason to seek prompt medical advice. If symptoms are significantly impacting your daily life or causing concern, contacting your healthcare provider is always recommended.