Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, are the last set of teeth to emerge in the mouth, typically making their appearance between the ages of 17 and 25. While some individuals experience no issues as these teeth erupt, many find that their emergence or impaction can lead to notable discomfort or pain.
Characteristics of Wisdom Tooth Pain
Wisdom tooth pain can manifest in various ways, ranging from a mild ache to intense discomfort. A common sensation is a dull, constant ache located at the very back of the jaw, which can sometimes extend to the ear or jaw joint. This persistent pressure often signifies that the tooth is attempting to push through the gum or is pressing against neighboring teeth.
Some individuals report a throbbing pain, which can indicate inflammation or infection in the area around the wisdom tooth. When chewing or biting down, the pain can become sharp and shooting, particularly if the wisdom tooth is partially erupted or misaligned. The discomfort may also radiate to other areas such as the jaw, neck, or even cause headaches, due to the interconnectedness of nerves in the region. Tenderness in the back of the mouth, especially when touched, is another common characteristic.
Underlying Reasons for the Pain
The pain associated with wisdom teeth often stems from a lack of sufficient space in the jaw for them to erupt properly. This leads to a condition known as impaction, where the tooth may grow at an angle, push against adjacent teeth, or remain trapped beneath the gum line. When a wisdom tooth is impacted, it can exert pressure on surrounding teeth and bone, causing discomfort and potentially damaging other teeth.
Another frequent cause of pain is pericoronitis, an inflammation or infection of the gum tissue surrounding a partially erupted wisdom tooth. This occurs when a flap of gum tissue covers part of the tooth, creating a space where food particles and bacteria can become trapped, leading to infection.
Tooth decay can also develop in wisdom teeth because their position at the back of the mouth makes them difficult to clean effectively. This increased susceptibility to cavities contributes to pain. In some instances, wisdom teeth develop within a fluid-filled sac in the jawbone, and if this sac fills with fluid, it can form a cyst that may damage the jawbone, nerves, or surrounding teeth, causing pain.
Accompanying Symptoms
Beyond the pain itself, several other symptoms can indicate issues with wisdom teeth. Swelling is a common sign, often appearing in the jaw or the gums around the affected tooth. The gum tissue in the area may also appear red and feel tender to the touch.
Individuals might experience difficulty opening their mouth fully, a condition known as trismus, due to jaw stiffness or muscle inflammation. An unpleasant taste in the mouth or persistent bad breath can also be present, frequently signaling an infection due to trapped food and bacteria.
When to Consult a Dentist
Seeking professional dental care is advisable when experiencing wisdom tooth pain, especially if the discomfort is severe or persistent. While some mild discomfort can occur during eruption, intense or continuous pain often indicates a more significant underlying issue, such as impaction or infection. Prompt evaluation can prevent further complications.
It is important to consult a dentist if you notice worsening swelling in the jaw or gums, or if the pain is accompanied by signs of infection like fever or pus discharge. Difficulty swallowing or breathing, though less common, are serious signs that require immediate attention. Even mild, recurring pain or symptoms like a bad taste in the mouth or jaw stiffness warrant a dental visit. A dentist can accurately diagnose the problem and recommend appropriate treatment, which may include monitoring, antibiotics for infection, or removal of the tooth.