Hemorrhoid cream is an over-the-counter topical medication designed to alleviate the uncomfortable symptoms associated with hemorrhoids. These swollen veins in the anus and lower rectum can cause itching, burning, pain, and swelling. The creams work by delivering active ingredients directly to the affected area, providing temporary relief. Different formulations target specific aspects of discomfort, aiming to soothe irritation and reduce inflammation.
How Different Ingredients Provide Relief
Hemorrhoid creams contain various active ingredients, each working through distinct mechanisms to provide relief.
Vasoconstrictors
Vasoconstrictors, such as phenylephrine, temporarily narrow blood vessels in the affected area. This action helps to reduce swelling and discomfort by decreasing the blood flow to the hemorrhoidal tissue.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids, like hydrocortisone, act as anti-inflammatory agents, reducing itching, redness, and overall inflammation. Higher concentrations are typically found in prescription formulations, while lower concentrations are available over-the-counter. Prolonged use, generally beyond seven days, can potentially thin the skin and mucous membranes, so it should be used as directed.
Astringents
Astringents, such as witch hazel, are plant-derived compounds that remove moisture and tighten tissue. Applied topically, witch hazel reduces discomfort and itching by shrinking the affected area. This ingredient is often found in medicated wipes.
Protectants
Protectants, including zinc oxide and petrolatum, form a physical barrier on the skin. This barrier prevents irritating contact with stool and protects irritated skin from further damage. While zinc oxide can offer temporary relief, it may also lead to dryness in the skin around the anus.
Local Anesthetics
Local anesthetics, such as lidocaine and pramoxine, numb the affected area. These ingredients block nerve signals in the skin, reducing sensations of pain, burning, and itching. Lidocaine typically begins to work within 30 to 60 minutes and can provide relief for 1 to 3 hours.
Applying Hemorrhoid Cream Effectively
Proper application of hemorrhoid cream is important for achieving optimal relief. Before applying the cream, gently clean the affected area with mild soap and warm water, then rinse thoroughly and pat dry with a soft cloth or toilet tissue.
A small, pea-sized amount of cream is generally sufficient for external hemorrhoids. Gently massage this into the affected area using a clean finger. For internal hemorrhoids, some products come with an applicator tip for gentle insertion into the anal canal.
The frequency of application typically ranges from three to four times daily, often in the morning, before bedtime, or after each bowel movement. Always follow the specific instructions on the product packaging to avoid over-applying and potential skin irritation. If symptoms do not improve within seven days of consistent use, it may be time to consult a healthcare professional.
When to Seek Professional Medical Advice
While hemorrhoid creams can provide temporary relief, professional medical advice becomes necessary in certain situations. If discomfort, pain, or itching persists for more than a week despite using over-the-counter treatments, or if symptoms worsen over time, consult a doctor.
Any bleeding during or after bowel movements warrants medical attention. While bleeding can be a symptom of hemorrhoids, it could also signal a more serious underlying condition, such as colorectal or anal cancer. Experiencing severe pain, noticing a persistent bulge that cannot be easily pushed back in, or having recurrent hemorrhoids also suggests the need for a medical evaluation. In cases of large amounts of rectal bleeding, lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting, immediate emergency care is recommended.