Breast cancer is often recognized by the presence of a lump, yet it can also manifest with distinct changes on the skin surface. Recognizing these visual and tactile signs is important for early detection. These skin changes are not always indicative of cancer, as many benign conditions can cause similar symptoms, but they warrant attention.
Skin Changes to Look For
Various visual and tactile changes can appear on the breast skin. Persistent redness, warmth, or swelling across a significant portion of the breast can be a sign, potentially making the affected breast appear larger or feel heavier.
Another notable change is dimpling, pitting, or thickening of the skin, which can create an appearance similar to the peel of an orange, known as “peau d’orange.” The skin may also develop a rash-like appearance or show irritation that does not improve with typical treatments, including persistent itching or areas that feel rough or scaly.
Sores, ulcers, or lesions that do not heal may develop on the breast skin, which can occur when a tumor breaks through the skin. Changes to the nipple and areola include the nipple becoming inverted, flattened, or developing crusting, scaling, or itching.
Unusual discharge from the nipple also requires medical evaluation. The breast skin might also show visible veins or exhibit an unusual tightness or shininess. Any new or worsening changes should prompt a medical consultation.
Breast Cancer Types Affecting the Skin
Certain types of breast cancer are known for their skin manifestations.
Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC)
This aggressive form frequently presents with skin changes. It often causes the breast to become rapidly red, swollen, and warm, mimicking an infection. This occurs because cancer cells block the lymphatic vessels in the skin, leading to the characteristic “peau d’orange” appearance.
Paget’s Disease of the Breast
This rare form of breast cancer affects the nipple and areola. It often appears as an eczema-like rash with symptoms such as scaling, redness, itching, or crusting on the nipple. These symptoms may come and go, potentially delaying diagnosis if mistaken for a common skin condition.
Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
This refers to a stage where the cancer has grown larger and may involve nearby tissues, including the skin. These larger tumors can cause swelling, ulceration, or visible masses on the skin surface. Skin involvement indicates the tumor has extended beyond the breast tissue itself.
Next Steps and Medical Evaluation
Observing any new or persistent skin changes on the breast warrants prompt medical attention. Consulting a healthcare provider without delay allows for a professional assessment, as many benign conditions can present similarly.
During a medical visit, a thorough clinical examination of the breast will be performed. The doctor will assess the appearance and texture of the skin and discuss the timeline of any observed changes. This evaluation helps determine the next steps.
Further diagnostic tests may be recommended to investigate the cause of the skin changes. These can include imaging such as a mammogram, ultrasound, or MRI. A biopsy, which involves taking a tissue sample for laboratory analysis, is often performed to confirm a diagnosis. Early detection of breast cancer significantly improves treatment options and outcomes.